Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34917471›Full record

ArticlePhotoacoustics2022

Photoacoustic nanodroplets for oxygen enhanced photodynamic therapy of cancer.

Marvin Xavierselvan, Jason Cook, Jeanne Duong, Nashielli Diaz, Kimberly Homan, Srivalleesha Mallidi

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Photoacoustics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  6. An integrated microfluidic culture model for photodynamic therapy evaluations under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026
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  10. ACS nano · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Marvin XavierselvanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Jason CookNanoHybrids Inc., Austin, TX 78744, USA.
Jeanne DuongDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Nashielli DiazDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Kimberly HomanNanoHybrids Inc., Austin, TX 78744, USA.
Srivalleesha MallidiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Tufts University · USNanoHybrids (United States) · USMassachusetts General Hospital · US

Funding

Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging (USPAI) SystemS10OD026844 · OD · TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD · PI MALLIDI, SRIVALLEESHA · 2020 to 2020
$600k
Raising the Therapeutic Index of Photodynamic Therapy with Targeted NanosyringesR41CA221420 · NCI · NANOHYBRIDS, INC. · PI COOK, JASON · 2017 to 2017
$300k
Enhancing Clinical Therapy for wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (wetAMD)R41EY028839 · NEI · NANOHYBRIDS, INC. · PI COOK, JASON · 2018 to 2018
$298k
NCI NIH HHS R41 CA221420NEI NIH HHS R41 EY028839NIH HHS S10 OD026844
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-known cancer therapy that utilizes light to excite a photosensitizer and generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). The efficacy of PDT primarily depends on the photosensitizer and oxygen concentration in the tumor. Hypoxia in solid tumors promotes treatment resistance, resulting in poor PDT outcomes. Hence, there is a need to combat hypoxia while delivering sufficient photosensitizer to the tumor for ROS generation. Here we showcase our unique theranostic perfluorocarbon nanodroplets as a triple agent carrier for oxygen, photosensitizer, and indocyanine green that enables light triggered spatiotemporal delivery of oxygen to the tumors. We evaluated the characteristics of the nanodroplets and validated their ability to deliver oxygen via photoacoustic monitoring of blood oxygen saturation and subsequent PDT efficacy in a murine subcutaneous tumor model. The imaging results were validated with an oxygen sensing probe, which showed a 9.1 fold increase in oxygen content inside the tumor, following systemic administration of the nanodroplets. These results were also confirmed with immunofluorescence.

Indexed as

1O2, singlet oxygenBPD, benzoporphyrin derivativeDLS, dynamic light scatteringDPPC, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineDSPE-mPEG, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]HbT, total hemoglobinH&E, hematoxylin and eosinHypoxiaICG, indocyanine greenIF, immunofluorescenceImage guided PDTMTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromideNIR, near infrared radiationPA, photoacousticPBS, phosphate buffered salinePDT, photodynamic therapyPerfluorocarbon nanodropletsPFC, perfluorocarbonPFP, perfluoropentanePhotoacoustic imagingPhotodynamic therapypO2, partial pressure of oxygenPS, photosensitizerROS, reactive oxygen speciesSOSG, singlet oxygen sensor greenStO2, oxygen saturationTBAI, tertbutylammonium iodide

Identifiers

PMID34917471
PMCPMC8666552
OpenAlexW3203147153

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.