ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2021
Impacts of ambient temperature and seasonal changes on sports injuries in Madrid, Spain: a time-series regression analysis.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do Climate and Environmental Characteristics Influence Concussion Incidence in Outdoor Contact Sports? A Systematic Review.Journal of athletic training · 2023Pooled it
- Seasonality in Mortality and Health: Environmental and Demographic Perspectives.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Comparing mortality burdens attributable to ambient temperature and seasonal variation across major causes of death in Spain.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Recent developments in Achilles tendon risk-analyzing rupture factors for enhanced injury prevention and clinical guidance: Current implications of regenerative medicine.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2024Review
- Assessing seasonality and the role of its potential drivers in environmental epidemiology: a tutorial.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Association between outdoor temperature and achilles tendon repair: A 14-years nationwide population-based cohort study.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesRecreational physical activity is an integral part of our society, and the injuries caused by sports activities are a concern for public health. We studied the effect of outdoor ambient temperature on hospital emergency department visits caused by sports injuries in Madrid, Spain, and accounted for its seasonal changes.
methodsWe used a time-series design. Data was analysed with quasi-Poisson regression models. We calculated the proportion of emergency visits attributable to seasonal changes before and after adjusting for daily ambient temperature. We modelled the association between emergency visits and temperature using distributed lag non-linear models.
resultsThe proportion of emergency visits attributable to seasonal changes was 24.1% and decreased to 7.6% after adjusting for temperature. We found a high risk of emergency visits associated with cold and hot temperatures, whereas the risk was higher for heat.
conclusionSports and recreational physical activity injuries are not rare events; therefore, appropriate healthcare decisions should consider the impact of outdoor ambient temperature and seasonal changes.
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Registered trials
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