ReviewFrontiers in genetics2021
Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis based on single-arm studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Activation of circulating γδ T cells in pediatric IgA vasculitis nephritis links the IL-17 A+ subset to renal risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pediatric bronchiolitis disease severity is associated with immune checkpoint dysregulation.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Immune escape mechanisms and therapeutic advances in virus-associated hematological malignancies.Blood cancer journal · 2026Review
- Expression of Immune CheckpointsTurkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology · 2026Article
- Advances in immunotherapy for cytomegalovirus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Immunotherapy · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy enhance coagulation activation and elevate venous thromboembolism risk in non-small cell lung cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2026Article
- Genistein enhances anti-PD-1 efficacy in melanoma by suppressing regulatory T cell differentiation and activity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Interplay of Autoimmune Disease, Cancer, and Immunity: Current Understanding and Therapeutic Prospects.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2025Review
- Article
- The AML immune paradox: decoding escape pathways and pioneering checkpoint, vaccine, and combination strategies.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Development of CD73 Inhibitors in Tumor Immunotherapy and Opportunities in Imaging and Combination Therapy.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Review
- Advancements in drug discovery: integrating CADD tools and drug repurposing for PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibition.RSC advances · 2025Article
- SynNotch CAR-T cell, when synthetic biology and immunology meet again.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps are associated with poor response to neoadjuvant therapy and poor survival in pediatric osteosarcoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Nanobodies as innovative immune checkpoint modulators: advancing cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Review
- T-cell and Soluble Co-inhibitory Receptor Expression in Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis Are Markers of Treatment Response and Clinical Outcome.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Limitations and potential strategies of immune checkpoint blockade in age-related neurodegenerative disorders.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The inhibitory regulators, known as immune checkpoints, prevent overreaction of the immune system, avoid normal tissue damage, and maintain immune homeostasis during the antimicrobial or antiviral immune response. Unfortunately, cancer cells can mimic the ligands of immune checkpoints to evade immune surveillance. Application of immune checkpoint blockade can help dampen the ligands expressed on cancer cells, reverse the exhaustion status of effector T cells, and reinvigorate the antitumor function. Here, we briefly introduce the structure, expression, signaling pathway, and targeted drugs of several inhibitory immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, VISTA, and IDO1). And we summarize the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumors, such as single agent and combination therapy and adverse reactions. At the same time, we further discussed the correlation between immune checkpoints and microorganisms and the role of immune checkpoints in microbial-infection diseases. This review focused on the current knowledge about the role of the immune checkpoints will help in applying immune checkpoints for clinical therapy of cancer and other diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.