ArticleFrontiers in psychology2021
Psychometric Properties of the HADS Measure of Anxiety and Depression Among Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Croatia.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04604041 (Investigation of Subclinical Markers of Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of Subclinical Markers of Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of the Romanian Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Associations Between Depression and Reduced Quality of Life in Women with Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Validation of the Croatian Version of the Eight-Item Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ-8).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Disability and Non-Motor Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring Associations and Predictive Factors.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Characteristics of pain in patients with NMOSD and MOGAD: impact on mental health, sleep and quality of life.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Effects of inflammatory bowel diseases on sexual function in women.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Determinants of health literacy and its impact on illness perception in patients with multiple sclerosis: evidence from patient-reported outcomes.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Evaluating the efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation therapy on quality of life in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: the role of anxiety and depression in treatment outcomes.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia compared with digital patient education about insomnia in people with multiple sclerosis in Norway: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Psychiatric Comorbidities and Quality of Life in Patients with Vestibular Migraine and Migraine without Vertigo: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Clinic.Audiology research · 2024Article
- Quality of reporting health behaviors for multiple sclerosis (QuoRH-MS): A scoping review to inform intervention planning and improve consistency of reporting.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Anxiety and Depression in British Horseracing Stud and Stable Staff Following Occupational Injury.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Swimming Activity Alleviates the Symptoms of Attention: Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a Case Report.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Psychometric Properties of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Factor Structure, Reliability, Correlates, and Discrimination.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Frailty and its association with mental health and quality of life in multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study.Sage open chronic diseaseArticle
- Lower corticospinal excitability and greater fatigue among people with multiple sclerosis experiencing pain.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common complaints in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study objective was to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, and correlates of the Croatian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with MS. A total of 179 patients with MS and 999 controls were included in the online survey. All subjects completed the HADS and self-administered questionnaires capturing information of demographic, education level, disease-related variables, and the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29). Psychometric properties were examined by estimating the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the HADS in patients with MS. The two HADS subscales (anxiety and depression) had excellent internal consistencies (Cronbach's α value 0.82-0.83), and factor analysis confirmed a two-factor structure. The convergent validity of the HADS subscales appeared to be good due to the significant correlations between HADS and MSIS-29. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicates that the HADS subscales have a significant diagnostic validity for group differentiation. Hierarchical regression analysis using MSIS-29 subscales as criterion variables showed consistent evidence for the incremental validity of the HADS. The HADS is a reliable and valid self-assessment scale in patients with MS and is suggested to be used in clinical monitoring of the psychiatric and psychological status of patients with MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.