ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2021
Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Modified Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Rictor siRNA for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Signaling pathway mechanisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment and emerging targeting strategies for improved prognosis.Oncology reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Edge-Grafted Polyarginine Functionalization of Graphene Nanocarriers Maintains Noncovalent Aromatic Drug Loading.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2026Article
- Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based targeting breast cancer therapy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Targeted biologics for TNBC: Advances in nanobodies, antibodies, peptides, and aptamers.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Overcoming Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with Nanocarrier-Delivered siRNA Therapeutics.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Revolutionizing cancer treatment: The multifaceted role of graphene oxide in modern oncology.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Small Interfering RNA Carriers for Oncotherapy: A Preclinical Overview.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Emerging Nanoparticle-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Cancer: Innovations and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Applications of cell penetrating peptide-based drug delivery system in immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Beyond Transduction: Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cell Penetrating Peptides.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Graphene-based hybrid composites for cancer diagnostic and therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- RNA therapeutics in targeting G protein-coupled receptors: Recent advances and challenges.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Attenuation of Chronic Inflammation in Intestinal Organoids with Graphene Oxide-Mediated Tumor Necrosis Factor-α_Small Interfering RNA Delivery.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2024Article
- Therapeutic delivery of siRNA for the management of breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.Therapeutic delivery · 2024Review
- Research Status and Prospect of Non-Viral Vectors Based on siRNA: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Elimination of Cancer Cells in Co-Culture: Role of Different Nanocarriers in Regulation of CD47 and Calreticulin-Induced Phagocytosis.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs): Mechanism, Therapeutic Targets, and Delivery Strategies for Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Facts and prospects of peptide in targeted therapy and immune regulation against triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Characteristics of Graphene Oxide for Gene Transfection and Controlled Release in Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The role of cell-penetrating peptides in potential anti-cancer therapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBreast cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens women's life and health.
methodsIn this study, we proposed to use graphene nanoparticles loaded with siRNA that can silence Rictor molecules essential for the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) complex to enhance gene delivery to tumor cells through modification of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) for the treatment of breast cancer.
resultsRemarkably, we successfully synthesized graphene oxide (GO)/polyethyleneimine (PEI)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/CPP/small interfering RNA (siRNA) system, and the results were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra. The optimum mass ratio of siRNA to GO-PEI-PEG-CPP was 1:0.5. We screened out Rictor siRNA-2 from 9 candidates, which presented the highest inhibition rate, and this siRNA was selected for the subsequent experiments. We validated that Rictor siRNA-2 significantly reduced the Rictor expression in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Confocal fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry analysis showed that GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA was able to be effectively uptake by TNBC cells. GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA improved the effect of siRNA on the inhibition of TNBC cell viability and the induction of TNBC cell apoptosis. The expression of Rictor and the phosphorylation of Akt and p70s6k were inhibited by GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA. Tumorigenicity analysis in nude mice showed that GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA significantly repressed the tumor growth of TNBC cells in vivo. The levels of ki-67 were repressed by GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA, and the apoptosis was induced by GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA in the system. DISCUSSION: Therefore, we concluded that CPP-modified GO nanoparticles loaded with Rictor siRNA significantly repressed TNBC progression by the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Our finding provides a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.