ArticleNPJ vaccines2021
Development of multivalent mRNA vaccine candidates for seasonal or pandemic influenza.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the Global Burden of Influenza in Adults Aged 18-64 years: A Systematic Literature Review from 2012 to 2022.Advances in therapy · 2023Pooled it
- High Clinical Burden of Influenza Disease in Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years: Can We Do Better? A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Safety and heterogeneity of mRNA-based seasonal Influenza vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of Saudi medicinePooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of a phase 1/2 randomized clinical trial of a quadrivalent, mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccine (mRNA-1010) in healthy adults: interim analysis.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Enhanced immunogenicity and dose-sparing efficacy of self-amplifying RNA vaccines against seasonal influenza across subtypes.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Development a novel in silico mRNA vaccine against Clostridium difficile.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Vaccinology in the twenty-first century revisited.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- An mRNA Vaccine with Tandem Mutated HA-NA Confers Protection Against Multiple Strains of H1N1 Influenza.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Improved cross-protection and immunity against influenza A virus in mice using a novel mRNA vaccine with optimized design of RNA sequence.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Review
- Immunogenicity and protection of octavalent influenza vaccine candidates using adjuvanted proteins or mRNA-LNPs in naïve mice.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Intranasal replicon vaccine establishes mucosal immunity and protects against H5N1 and H7N9 influenza.Nature communications · 2026Article
- From neuraminidase inhibitors to novel mechanisms: expanding therapeutic strategies against influenza.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- mRNA vaccines encoding variant forms of Sm-TSP-2 confer protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- mRNA based vaccines and therapeutics for parasitic infections: a comprehensive review.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- An mRNA vaccine candidate encoding cholera toxin subunit B and conserved antigens of influenza viruses confers cross-protection against influenza a viruses in adult and aged mice.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Hierarchy of Hydrophobic and Electrostatic Interactions in DNA-Membrane Phase Selectivity.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Review
- Synergistic effect of nucleoside modification and ionizable lipid composition on translation and immune responses to mRNA vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent approval of mRNA vaccines for emergency use against COVID-19 is likely to promote rapid development of mRNA-based vaccines targeting a wide range of infectious diseases. Compared to conventional approaches, this vaccine modality promises comparable potency while substantially accelerating the pace of development and deployment of vaccine doses. Already demonstrated successfully for single antigen vaccines such as for COVID-19, this technology could be optimized for complex multi-antigen vaccines. Herein, utilizing multiple influenza antigens, we demonstrated the suitability of the mRNA therapeutic (MRT) platform for such applications. Seasonal influenza vaccines have three or four hemagglutinin (HA) antigens of different viral subtypes. In addition, influenza neuraminidase (NA), a tetrameric membrane protein, is identified as an antigen that has been linked to protective immunity against severe viral disease. We detail the efforts in optimizing formulations of influenza candidates that use unmodified mRNA encoding full-length HA or full-length NA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). HA and NA mRNA-LNP formulations, either as monovalent or as multivalent vaccines, induced strong functional antibody and cellular responses in non-human primates and such antigen-specific antibody responses were associated with protective efficacy against viral challenge in mice.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.