ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Adult mouse and human organoids derived from thyroid follicular cells and modeling of Graves' hyperthyroidism.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering a functional thyroid as a potential therapeutic substitute for hypothyroidism treatment: A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Proliferation and differentiation in intestinal organoids are balanced by ligand-modulated EGFR trafficking.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Human thyroid organoids: tools for understanding thyroid diseases and development.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Translating Pharmacology from Animal Models to Organoids: Advancing Predictive Human Biology in Drug Discovery.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Human organoids as 3D in vitro platforms for drug discovery: opportunities and challenges.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Notch signaling is a driver of glandular stem cell activity and regenerative migration after damage.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Patient-derived medullary thyroid cancer organoids: a potential model for mechanistic studies on diagnostics and therapy.European thyroid journal · 2025Article
- NOVEL INSIGHTS IN ADVANCED THYROID CARCINOMA: FROM MECHANISMS TO TREATMENTS: Development of 3D organoid models to study aggressive thyroid cancers.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- Functional Thyroid Organoids-Powerful Stem Cell-Derived Models in Basic and Translational Research.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Patient-derived tumor organoids: A preclinical platform for personalized cancer therapy.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- Organoids: development and applications in disease models, drug discovery, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine.MedComm · 2024Review
- Advances in Organoid Technology: A Focus on Corneal Limbal Organoids.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Review
- Advanced 3D imaging and organoid bioprinting for biomedical research and therapeutic applications.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Regeneration of Thyroid Glands in the Spleen Restores Homeostasis in Thyroidectomy Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Dual targeting of MAPK and PI3K pathways unlocks redifferentiation of Braf-mutated thyroid cancer organoids.Oncogene · 2024Article
- Notch signaling in thyrocytes is essential for adult thyroid function and mammalian homeostasis.Nature metabolism · 2023Article
- Advances in the Construction and Application of Thyroid Organoids.Physiological research · 2023Review
- Progress Toward and Challenges Remaining for Thyroid Tissue Regeneration.Endocrinology · 2023Review
- Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The thyroid maintains systemic homeostasis by regulating serum thyroid hormone concentrations. Here we report the establishment of three-dimensional (3D) organoids from adult thyroid tissue representing murine and human thyroid follicular cells (TFCs). The TFC organoids (TFCOs) harbor the complete machinery of hormone production as visualized by the presence of colloid in the lumen and by the presence of essential transporters and enzymes in the polarized epithelial cells that surround a central lumen. Both the established murine as human thyroid organoids express canonical thyroid markers PAX8 and NKX2.1, while the thyroid hormone precursor thyroglobulin is expressed at comparable levels to tissue. Single-cell RNA sequencing and transmission electron microscopy confirm that TFCOs phenocopy primary thyroid tissue. Thyroid hormones are readily detectable in conditioned medium of human TFCOs. We show clinically relevant responses (increased proliferation and hormone secretion) of human TFCOs toward a panel of Graves' disease patient sera, demonstrating that organoids can model human autoimmune disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.