Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34916291›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Cell-type-specific neuromodulation guides synaptic credit assignment in a spiking neural network.

Yuhan Helena Liu, Stephen Smith, Stefan Mihalas, Eric Shea-Brown, Uygar Sümbül

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Diffusion of neuromodulators for temporal credit assignment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Neural rhythms as priors of speech computations.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Learning neural dynamics through instructive signals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Structured flexibility in recurrent neural networks via neuromodulation.Advances in neural information processing systems · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Structured flexibility in recurrent neural networks via neuromodulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Information Transmission in G Protein-Coupled Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yuhan Helena LiuDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; hyliu24@uw.edu uygars@alleninstitute.org.ORCID 0000-0001-7269-8338
Stephen SmithAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109.ORCID 0000-0002-2290-8701
Stefan MihalasDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
Eric Shea-BrownDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
Uygar SümbülAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109; hyliu24@uw.edu uygars@alleninstitute.org.ORCID 0000-0001-7134-8897
Allen Institute for Brain Science · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brains learn tasks via experience-driven differential adjustment of their myriad individual synaptic connections, but the mechanisms that target appropriate adjustment to particular connections remain deeply enigmatic. While Hebbian synaptic plasticity, synaptic eligibility traces, and top-down feedback signals surely contribute to solving this synaptic credit-assignment problem, alone, they appear to be insufficient. Inspired by new genetic perspectives on neuronal signaling architectures, here, we present a normative theory for synaptic learning, where we predict that neurons communicate their contribution to the learning outcome to nearby neurons via cell-type-specific local neuromodulation. Computational tests suggest that neuron-type diversity and neuron-type-specific local neuromodulation may be critical pieces of the biological credit-assignment puzzle. They also suggest algorithms for improved artificial neural network learning efficiency.

Indexed as

Computer SimulationLearningLigandsModels, NeurologicalNerve NetNeural Networks, ComputerNeuronal PlasticityNeuronsReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledSpatio-Temporal AnalysisSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionLigandsReceptors, G-Protein-Coupledcell typescredit assignmentneuromodulationneuropeptidesspiking neural network

Identifiers

PMID34916291
PMCPMC8713766
OpenAlexW4200053066

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.