ArticleArthritis research & therapy2021
Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between gout, hyperuricemia, and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of myocardial infarction and heart failure in gout patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiological trends and burden of gout in China and the European Union: a GBD 2023 and Mendelian randomization study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of monosodium urate crystal-induced bone destruction in gouty arthritis (Review).Biomedical reports · 2026Review
- J-shaped associations of serum urate with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in diabetes: mediation by kidney function.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout in relation to night fasting duration and eating frequency: NHANES 2007-2018.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis and gout: a rare combination or overlooked coexistence?Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Preliminary analysis of lifestyle and genetic factors for hyperuricemia and gout prevalence in the Yunnan Miao population of China.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Comparative associations of immune-inflammatory, immune-lipid, and metabolic composite indices with hyperuricemia among Chinese adults with glycemic abnormalities: a health examination-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Article
- A Lymphatic Perspective on Obesity and Inflammatory Arthritis: New Disease-Modifying Potential in Rheumatology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Global burden and trends of musculoskeletal disorders in postmenopausal elderly women: a 1990-2021 analysis with projections to 2045.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Is UA/HDL-C a Reliable Surrogate Marker for Fatty Liver? A Comparative Evaluation with Metabolic Scores in a Mexican Population: The Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Case report: Gouty renal abscess and gouty sacroiliitis associated with genetic variants of a young woman.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing cross-national inequalities and predictive trends in gout burden: a global perspective (1990-2021).Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Concomitant atypical knee gout and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Assessment of the correlation between KAP scores regarding sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and hyperuricemia amongst Chinese young adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Increased risk of incident gout in patients with hyperthyroidism: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Sex difference in the associations among hyperuricemia with self-reported peptic ulcer disease in a large Taiwanese population study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The Evolving Landscape of Gout in the Female: A Narrative Review.Gout, urate, and crystal deposition disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have shown that the incidence and risk factors of gout differs according to sex. However, little research has been done on the association between reproductive factors and gout. We conducted an analysis of a large nationwide population-based cohort of postmenopausal women to determine whether there is an association between reproductive factors and the incidence of gout.
methodsA total of 1,076,378 postmenopausal women aged 40-69 years who participated in national health screenings in 2009 were included in the study. The outcome was the occurrence of incident gout, which was defined using the ICD-10 code of gout (M10) in the claim database. Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analyses and stratified analyses according to body mass index (BMI) and the presence/absence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were performed.
resultsThe mean follow-up duration was 8.1 years, and incident cases of gout were 64,052 (incidence rate 7.31 per 1000 person-years). Later menarche, earlier menopause, and a shorter reproductive span were associated with a high risk of gout. No association between parity and gout incidence was observed. Use of oral contraceptives (OC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were associated with an increased risk of gout. The association between reproductive factors and gout was not statistical significant in the high BMI group. The effects of OC and HRT usage on gout were not significant in the CKD group.
conclusionShorter exposure to endogenous estrogen was associated with a high risk of gout. Conversely, exposure to exogenous estrogen such as OC and HRT was associated with an increased risk of gout.
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