Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34915863›Full record

ArticleBMC biology2021

Novel high-resolution targeted sequencing of the cervicovaginal microbiome.

Karolina M Andralojc, Mariano A Molina, Mengjie Qiu, Bram Spruijtenburg, Menno Rasing, Bernard Pater, Martijn A Huynen, Bas E Dutilh, Thomas H A Ederveen, Duaa Elmelik and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pharmacomicrobiomics-driven targeted drug delivery for precision microbiome modulation.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
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  6. The vaginal microbiome in HPV persistence and cervical cancer progression.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Karolina M Andralojc *Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4644-6898
Mariano A Molina *Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Mengjie QiuCenter for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Bram SpruijtenburgDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Menno RasingDepartment of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Bernard PaterCenter for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Martijn A HuynenCenter for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Bas E DutilhCenter for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Thomas H A EderveenCenter for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Duaa ElmelikDepartment of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Albert G SiebersDepartment of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Diede LoopikDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Ruud L M BekkersDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Hospital, 5602, ZA, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
William P J Leenders *Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. william.leenders@radboudumc.nl.
Willem J G Melchers *Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. willem.melchers@radboudumc.nl.
Radboud University Nijmegen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe cervicovaginal microbiome (CVM) plays a significant role in women's cervical health and disease. Microbial alterations at the species level and characteristic community state types (CST) have been associated with acquisition and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections that may result in progression of cervical lesions to malignancy. Current sequencing methods, especially most commonly used multiplex 16S rRNA gene sequencing, struggle to fully clarify these changes because they generally fail to provide sufficient taxonomic resolution to adequately perform species-level associative studies. To improve CVM species designation, we designed a novel sequencing tool targeting microbes at the species taxonomic rank and examined its potential for profiling the CVM.

resultsWe introduce an accessible and practical circular probe-based RNA sequencing (CiRNAseq) technology with the potential to profile and quantify the CVM. In vitro and in silico validations demonstrate that CiRNAseq can distinctively detect species in a mock mixed microbial environment, with the output data reflecting its ability to estimate microbes' abundance. Moreover, compared to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, CiRNAseq provides equivalent results but with improved sequencing sensitivity. Analyses of a cohort of cervical smears from hrHPV-negative women versus hrHPV-positive women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia confirmed known differences in CST occurring in the CVM of women with hrHPV-induced lesions. The technique also revealed variations in microbial diversity and abundance in the CVM of hrHPV-positive women when compared to hrHPV-negative women.

conclusionsCiRNAseq is a promising tool for studying the interplay between the CVM and hrHPV in cervical carcinogenesis. This technology could provide a better understanding of cervicovaginal CST and microbial species during health and disease, prompting the discovery of biomarkers, additional to hrHPV, that can help detect high-grade cervical lesions.

Indexed as

MicrobiotaPapillomavirus InfectionsUterine Cervical NeoplasmsFemaleHumansPapillomaviridaeRNA, Ribosomal, 16SRNA, Ribosomal, 16SCervicovaginal microbiomeCINCiRNAseqCSThrHPVsmMIPTargeted sequencing

Identifiers

PMID34915863
PMCPMC8680041
OpenAlexW4200104135

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.