ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2021
Diagonal earlobe crease and long-term survival after myocardial infarction.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07427745 (PRESENCE OF FRANK'S SIGN), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Presence of frank's sign: a comparative evaluation in smokers and non-smokers
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancements in Frank's sign Identification using deep learning on 3D brain MRI.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of Diagonal Earlobe Crease with Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Stable Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Warning Function of Frank's Sign in Pre-Existing Cardiac Disease Patients: A Case Report.Case reports in cardiology · 2024Article
- The Relationship between the Presence of an Earlobe Crease and Overactive Bladder: A Cross-Sectional Case-Controlled Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- The importance of inspection in clinical cardiology: Frank's sign.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association between the presence of a diagonal earlobe crease (DEC) and coronary artery disease has been prescribed earlier. However, it is unclear whether patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and DEC have a higher risk of dying.
methodsStudy participants were persons with AMI who were included in the KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry Augsburg from August 2015 to December 2016. After taking pictures of both earlobes, two employees independently assessed the severity of DEC in 4°. For analysis, the expression of the DEC was dichotomized. Information on risk factors, severity and therapy of the AMI was collected by interview and from the medical record. Vital status post AMI was obtained by population registries in 2019. The relationship between DEC and survival time was determined using Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsOut of 655 participants, 442 (67.5%) showed DEC grade 2/3 and 213 (32.5%) DEC grade 0/1. Median observation period was 3.06 years (5-1577 days). During this period, 26 patients (12.2%) with DEC grade 0/1 and 92 patients (20.8%) with grade 2/3 died (hazard ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-2.96, p = 0.0037). In the fully adjusted model, patients with DEC grade 2/3 had a 1.48-fold increased risk of death compared to the DEC grade 0/1 patient group (CI 0.94-2.34, p = 0.0897). The fully adjusted model applied for 1-year survival revealed a significant, 2.57-fold hazard ratio of death (CI 1.07-6.17, p = 0.0347) for the patients with DEC grade 2/3.
conclusionsOur results indicate that DEC is independently associated with 1-year AMI survival.
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