ArticleHearing research2022
Role of GluA4 in the acoustic and tactile startle responses.
Article in Hearing research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural basis for activation and conformational plasticity of the GluA4 AMPA receptor.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spinal glycine receptor alpha 1 coordinates startle behavior through a cell-type specific mechanism.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Lethal Interactions of neuronal networks in epilepsy mediated by both synaptic and volume transmission indicate approaches to prevention.Progress in neurobiology · 2025Review
- The acoustic startle response in 22q11 deletion syndrome: from animal models to humans.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Co-coding of head and whisker movements by both VPM and POm thalamic neurons.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Molecular and functional profiling of cell diversity and identity in the lateral superior olive, an auditory brainstem center with ascending and descending projections.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Long-Term Capsaicin Administration Ameliorates the Dysfunction and Astrogliosis of the Brain in Aged Mice with Missing Maxillary Molars.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Reduced Serum Levels of Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor α in Schizophrenia and Its Relationship to the Excited Phenotype.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The primary startle response (SR) is an innate reaction evoked by sudden and intense acoustic, tactile or visual stimuli. In rodents and humans the SR involves reflexive contractions of the face, neck and limb muscles. The acoustic startle response (ASR) pathway consists of auditory nerve fibers (AN), cochlear root neurons (CRNs) and giant neurons of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), which synapse on cranial and spinal motor neurons. The tactile startle response (TSR) is transmitted by primary sensory neurons to the principal sensory (Pr5) and spinal (Sp5) trigeminal nuclei. The ventral part of Pr5 projects directly to the PnC neurons. The SR requires rapid transmission of sensory information to initiate a fast motor response. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR) are necessary to transmit auditory information to the PnC neurons and elicit the SR. AMPARs containing the glutamate AMPAR subunit 4 (GluA4) have fast kinetics, which makes them ideal candidates to transmit the SR signal. This study examined the role of GluA4 within the primary SR pathway by using GluA4 knockout (GluA4-KO) mice. Deletion of GluA4 considerably decreased the amplitude and probability of successful ASR and TSR, indicating that the presence of this subunit is critical at a common station within the startle pathway. We conclude that deletion of GluA4 affects the transmission of sensory signals from acoustic and tactile pathways to the motor component of the startle reflex. Therefore, GluA4 is required for the full response and for reliable elicitation of the startle response.
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