ReviewPLoS pathogens2021
Mammalian antiviral systems directed by small RNA.
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative role of small non-coding RNAs in viral immune response: a systematic review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Pooled it
- A TCER-1-siRNA regulatory axis suppresses antibacterial innate immunity in C. elegans.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Beyond silencing: integrative multi-omics and spatial profiling unravel the systems-level role of piRNAs in HBV-driven Hepatocarcinogenesis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- miRNA biomarkers for prognosis and therapy monitoring in a multi-ethnic cohort with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Strategies and efforts in circumventing the emergence of antiviral resistance against conventional antivirals.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Exogenous dsRNA triggers sequence-specific RNAi and fungal stress responses to control Magnaporthe oryzae in Brachypodium distachyon.Communications biology · 2025Article
- microRNA-guided immunity against respiratory virus infection in human and mouse lung cells.Biology open · 2024Article
- Toward a Categorization of Virus-ncRNA Interactions in the World of RNA to Disentangle the Tiny Secrets of Dengue Virus.Viruses · 2024Review
- A Review of miRNA Regulation in Japanese Encephalitis (JEV) Virus Infection.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Article
- Zebrafish-based platform for emerging bio-contaminants and virus inactivation research.The Science of the total environment · 2023Review
- Differential regulation of ATP hydrolysis of RIG-I-like receptors by transactivation response RNA-binding protein.Bioscience reports · 2023Article
- The epigenetic regulatory mechanism of PIWI/piRNAs in human cancers.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- The convergent evolution of influenza A virus: Implications, therapeutic strategies and what we need to know.Current research in microbial sciences · 2023Article
- Mammalian viral suppressors of RNA interference.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2022Review
- Lipopolysaccharide detection by the innate immune system may be an uncommon defence strategy used in nature.Open biology · 2022Review
- Altered microRNA expression in severe COVID-19: Potential prognostic and pathophysiological role.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Comparative transcriptomics reveals small RNA composition and differential microRNA responses underlying interferon-mediated antiviral regulation in porcine alveolar macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are strong incentives for human populations to develop antiviral systems. Similarly, genomes that encode antiviral systems have had strong selective advantages. Protein-guided immune systems, which have been well studied in mammals, are necessary for survival in our virus-laden environments. Small RNA-directed antiviral immune systems suppress invasion of cells by non-self genetic material via complementary base pairing with target sequences. These RNA silencing-dependent systems operate in diverse organisms. In mammals, there is strong evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate endogenous genes important for antiviral immunity, and emerging evidence that virus-derived nucleic acids can be directly targeted by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) for protection in some contexts. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the antiviral functions of each of these small RNA types and consider their conceptual and mechanistic overlap with innate and adaptive protein-guided immunity, including mammalian antiviral cytokines, as well as the prokaryotic RNA-guided immune system, CRISPR. In light of recent successes in delivery of RNA for antiviral purposes, most notably for vaccination, we discuss the potential for development of small noncoding RNA-directed antiviral therapeutics and prophylactics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.