Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34914762›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Alu element in the RNA binding motif protein, X-linked 2 (RBMX2) gene found to be linked to bipolar disorder.

Pia Laine, William J Rowell, Lars Paulin, Steve Kujawa, Denise Raterman, George Mayhew, Jennifer Wendt, Daniel L Burgess, Timo Partonen, Tiina Paunio and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 46% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Pia LaineInstitute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-3727-8749
William J RowellPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-7422-1194
Lars PaulinInstitute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Steve KujawaPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America.
Denise RatermanRoche Sequencing Solutions, Madison, WI, United States of America.
George MayhewRoche Sequencing Solutions, Madison, WI, United States of America.
Jennifer WendtRoche Sequencing Solutions, Madison, WI, United States of America.
Daniel L BurgessRoche Sequencing Solutions, Madison, WI, United States of America.
Timo PartonenDepartment of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Tiina PaunioDepartment of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Petri AuvinenInstitute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jenny M EkholmPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-9035-865X
University of Helsinki · FIPacific Biosciences (United States) · USFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe have used long-read single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing to fully characterize a ~12Mb genomic region on chromosome Xq24-q27, significantly linked to bipolar disorder (BD) in an extended family from a genetic sub-isolate. This family segregates BD in at least four generations with 24 affected individuals.

methodsWe selected 16 family members for targeted sequencing. The selected individuals either carried the disease haplotype, were non-carriers of the disease haplotype, or served as married-in controls. We designed hybrid capture probes enriching for 5-9Kb fragments spanning the entire 12Mb region that were then sequenced to screen for candidate structural variants (SVs) that could explain the increased risk for BD in this extended family.

resultsAltogether, 201 variants were detected in the critically linked region. Although most of these represented common variants, three variants emerged that showed near-perfect segregation among all BD type I affected individuals. Two of the SVs were identified in or near genes belonging to the RNA Binding Motif Protein, X-Linked (RBMX) gene family-a 330bp Alu (subfamily AluYa5) deletion in intron 3 of the RBMX2 gene and an intergenic 27bp tandem repeat deletion between the RBMX and G protein-coupled receptor 101 (GPR101) genes. The third SV was a 50bp tandem repeat insertion in intron 1 of the Coagulation Factor IX (F9) gene.

conclusionsAmong the three genetically linked SVs, additional evidence supported the Alu element deletion in RBMX2 as the leading candidate for contributing directly to the disease development of BD type I in this extended family.

Indexed as

Alu ElementsGenes, X-LinkedGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseBipolar DisorderFemaleHumansMalePedigree

Identifiers

PMID34914762
PMCPMC8675739
OpenAlexW4200169041

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.