ReviewPhysiological research2021
Inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules and exhaustion of T cells in COVID-19.
Review in Physiological research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of IL-7 in critically ill patients with COVID-19.JCI insight · 2025Trial
- Clinical Manifestations and Immunological Impacts in Co-Infections and Sequential Infections of SARS-CoV-2 and Arboviruses.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- BTLA-mediated regulation of neuroimmune responses enhances recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Lymphocyte Inhibition Mechanisms and Immune Checkpoints in COVID-19: Insights into Prognostic Markers and Disease Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- TIM3 in COVID-19; A potential hallmark?Heliyon · 2024Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: What Should We Focus on to Improve the Clinical Outcomes?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- An observational study investigating soluble immune checkpoints as indicators of severe COVID-19.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Observational
- Analysis of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and T-cell exhaustion in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2024Article
- Article
- Excess of body weight is associated with accelerated T-cell senescence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- ABCA3 and LZTFL1 Polymorphisms and Risk of COVID-19 in the Czech Population.Physiological research · 2023Article
- Role of Tim-3 in COVID-19: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.Archives of virology · 2023Review
- Viral infection in chronic otitis media with effusion in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Exhaustion and over-activation of immune cells in COVID-19: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Review
- TIGIT Monoallelic Nonsense Variant in Patient with Severe COVID-19 Infection, Thailand.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- T-cell activation state differentially contributes to neuropsychiatric complications in women with HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Axis Inhibition in Viral Infections: Clinical Data and Therapeutic Opportunities.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Reactivation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Brief Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Review
- Activated CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2), which belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus. It was first identified in patients with severe respiratory disease in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It mainly affects the respiratory system, and in severe cases causes serious lung infection or pneumonia, which can lead to the death of the patient. Clinical studies show that SARS-CoV-2 infection in critical cases causes acute tissue damage due to a pathological immune response. The immune response to a new coronavirus is complex and involves many processes of specific and non-specific immunity. Analysis of available studies has shown various changes, especially in the area of specific cellular immunity, including lymphopenia, decreased T cells (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+), changes in the T cell compartment associated with symptom progression, deterioration of the condition and development of lung damage. We provide a detailed review of the analyses of immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3 CTLA-4, TIGIT, BTLA, CD223, IDO-1 and VISTA on exhausted T cells in patients with asymptomatic to symptomatic stages of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, this review may help to better understand the pathological T cell immune response and improve the design of therapeutic strategies for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.