ArticleWorld journal of plastic surgery2021
Reconstruction of Heel Soft Tissue Defects: An Algorithm Based on Our Experience.
Article in World journal of plastic surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Successful Limb Salvage Using Staged Applications of a Fish-Skin Xenograft (Kerecis) in a Heel Pad Degloving Injury: A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Proximal Humerus Ewing Sarcoma: Technical Challenges and Strategies for Bone Defect Reconstruction.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Why Make Things Complicated When They Can Be Simple? Case Series and Systematic Review on the Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Soft-Tissue Heel Defects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Comparing Free and Pedicled Flaps for Leg, Ankle and Heel Reconstruction: An Analysis of Outcomes, Complications and Flap Selection Considerations.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical and Functional Outcomes Following Reverse Sural Flap of Lower Extremity Defects: A Comparative Retrospective Study.Clinics in orthopedic surgery · 2026Article
- The application of chimeric free anterolateral thigh flap and muscle flap for heel ulcer reconstruction: A case series and technical refinements.JPRAS open · 2025Article
- Reverse sural artery flap for lower extremity reconstruction: a multicenter retrospective analysis of success and failure patterns.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2025Article
- Observation of the Clinical Efficacy of Self-Modified Skin-Stretching Device in the Treatment of Soft-Tissue Defects of the Heel: A Retrospective Single-Arm Cohort Study.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- Microsurgical reconstruction of the heel: evaluation and decision-making recommendations based on a case series.Case reports in plastic surgery & hand surgery · 2025Article
- Critical Evaluation of Lateral Calcaneal Artery Fascio-Cutaneous Flap in Re-Surfacing Posterior Heel Defects: A Review of 24 Cases.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2023Article
- The Role of Medial Plantar Artery Flap in Heel Pad Reconstruction: A Report of Two Cases.Cureus · 2023Article
- Reconstruction of Foot and Ankle Defects: A Prospective Analysis of Functional and Aesthetic Outcomes.Cureus · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSensory recovery and durability of the flap is the primary goal of heel soft tissue reconstruction. From the different options, the choice of the flap depends on the size of the defect, its location, and the availability of the donor area.
methodsIn this retrospective study, 40 patients having heel defects were included from Jan 2016 to Dec 2018 in which different flaps were used for the reconstruction. The outcome was evaluated in terms of flap survival, recovery of sensation, the durability of coverage, and functional denouement. We also analysed the outcome between neuropathic and non-neuropathic ulcers of the heel.
resultsOut of 40 patients' medial plantar artery islanded flap was performed in eight cases, extended reverse sural flap in 16 cases, islanded reverse sural flap in six cases, local flaps in six cases, cross-leg flap in two cases, and free Latissimus Dorsi muscle flaps with Skin Graft cover in two cases. The patients were observed for a mean follow-up time of 15 months (12-20 months). Only two flaps showed marginal necrosis as an immediate complication. The majority of the flaps were tenacious in the follow-up period except for the six flaps that developed delayed ulceration. Return of protective sensation (P=0.006) and mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society subjective score (P=0.025) was significantly higher in the non-neuropathic ulcer group.
conclusionLocoregional flaps can cover most of the heel defects with a satisfactory outcome. The functional outcome was lower in the reconstructed neuropathic heel ulcer group.
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