ReviewInternational journal of vascular medicine2021
A Review of Risk Factors and Predictors for Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Review in International journal of vascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Association between readmission and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke: evidence from national health insurance service database of South Korea.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Impact of vascular risk factors on endovascular mechanical thrombectomy outcomes in patients with stroke.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- The lacunar infarction with persistent trigeminal artery and delayed symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Optimal Timing of Post-Alteplase Brain Computed Tomography: Routine Twenty-Four-Hour Versus Extended Forty-Eight-Hour for Detecting Asymptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2025Article
- Hyponatremia in Acute Stroke: A Comparative Study of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Subtypes.Cureus · 2025Article
- The Association of Serum Biomarkers With Symptomatic Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Combined Retrospective and Prospective Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- A comprehensive evaluation of the associations between 12 composite inflammatory indices and all-cause mortality after stroke: a multicohort study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Admission systolic blood pressure and short-term outcomes after dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Evaluating predictive models for hemorrhagic transformation post-mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Integrating Neutrophil-To-Albumin Ratio and Triglycerides: A Novel Indicator for Predicting Spontaneous Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Observational
- The differences of fibrinogen levels in various types of hemorrhagic transformations.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Automated detection of early signs of irreversible ischemic change on CTA source images in patients with large vessel occlusion.PloS one · 2024Article
- Development and validation of an explainable machine learning prediction model of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis in stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Characterization and individual-level prediction of cognitive state in the first year after 'mild' stroke.PloS one · 2024Article
- Predictive value of the systemic immune-inflammation index for outcomes in large artery occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy-a single-center study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Screening, and Prognosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Key CT markers for predicting haemorrhagic transformation after ischaemic stroke: a prospective cohort study in China.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Early Epileptic Seizures after Ischemic Stroke: Their Association with Stroke Risk Factors and Stroke Characteristics.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Predictors of Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Ischemic Stroke.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute ischemic strokes (AIS) and hemorrhagic strokes lead to disabling neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits. A serious and fatal complication of AIS is the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). HT is cerebral bleeding that occurs after an ischemic event in the infarcted areas. This review summarises how specific risk factors such as demographic factors like age, gender, and race/ethnicity, comorbidities including essential hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and ischemic heart disease along with predictors like higher NIHSS score, larger infarction size, cardioembolic strokes, systolic blood pressure/pulse pressure variability, higher plasma glucose levels, and higher body temperature during ischemic event, lower low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, early ischemic changes on imaging modalities, and some rare causes make an individual more susceptible to developing HT. We also discuss few other risk factors such as the role of blood-brain barrier, increased arterial stiffness, and globulin levels in patients postreperfusion using thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. In addition, we discuss the implications of dual antiplatelet therapy and the length of treatment in reference to the incidence of developing HT. Current research into inflammatory mediators and biomarkers such as Cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinases, and soluble ST2 and their potential role as treatment options for HT is also briefly discussed. Finally, this review calls for more research into use of dual antiplatelet and the timing of antiplatelet and anticoagulant use in reference to hemorrhagic transformation.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.