ReviewInternational journal of endocrinology2021
Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Low-Carbohydrate Diets with Low-Fat Diets for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
Review in International journal of endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypocaloric low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets on flow-mediated dilation, blood pressure, cardiovascular biomarkers, and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Current Advances and Future Prospects in the Use of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet in Managing People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Are low carbohydrate diet interventions beneficial for metabolic syndrome and its components? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Evidence on the Relationships Between Total Fat Intake and Health Outcomes Other Than Unhealthy Weight Gain in Adults and Children: A Scoping Review.Cochrane evidence synthesis and methods · 2026Review
- The efficacy of low-carbohydrate diets on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive overview of meta-analyses of controlled clinical trials.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Ketogenic Diet Intervention for Obesity Weight-Loss- A Narrative Review, Challenges, and Open Questions.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Low-carbohydrate diet for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Low-Carbohydrate and Ketogenic Dietary Patterns for Type 2 Diabetes Management.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2024Review
- A primary care delivered, technology supported lifestyle program for Type 2 Diabetes Management: An evaluation of changes in metabolic health, feasibility, and acceptability - A pilot interventional study protocol.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet With or Without Exercise on Anxiety and Eating Behavior and Associated Changes in Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Young Women.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTo compare the efficacy of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) with low-fat diets (LFDs) in body weight and glycemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and their cardiovascular and renal safety.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Ovid, Embase databases, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to April, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which lasted more than 3 months were included. The primary outcomes are the mean change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight loss. Secondary outcomes included mean difference in lipid parameters, blood pressures, and serum creatinine.
resultsTotally, 12 RCTs met inclusion criteria representing 761 patients. Compared with LFDs, treatment with LCDs achieved significant reduced HbA1c by 0.35% (95% CI: -0.45, -0.24;
conclusionsLCDs are superior to LFDs for T2DM patients in improving HbA1c and reducing body weight, with a rewarding effect of some cardiovascular risk factors in a longer-term diabetes management. However, available data are insufficient to evaluate the association between diet interventions and renal safety. Future larger longer-term follow-up clinical trials are needed to provide more evidence about the sustainable effects and safety of LCDs compared with LFDs.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.