ReviewNature2021
Biogeochemical extremes and compound events in the ocean.
Review in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 310 citations in OpenAlex.
- Projecting Impacts of Marine Heatwaves and Their Effects on Long-Term Changes in Marine Ecosystems Over the 21st Century.Global change biology · 2026Article
- Compound Ecoclimatic Events: The Long-Term Recovery of Conservation-Priority Mammals After an Extreme Ice Storm Event Was Promoted by the Alleviation of Poaching.Global change biology · 2026Article
- Large fisheries declines linked to compound and extreme climate events.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Coupled air-sea interactions drove and sustained the 2013-2016 North Pacific marine heatwave.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific intensify landfalling atmospheric rivers on the west coast of North America.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Biodiversity buffers forest ecosystems from compound climate extremes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- When Tides Run Dry: Exploring an Overlooked Coastal Disturbance and Its Climate Connections.Global change biology · 2026Article
- Widespread ecosystem effects of an extreme fresh pulse event in a temperate marine ecosystem.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Microbially enhanced dissolution of calcite in sinking marine particles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Marine heatwaves are transforming Western mediterranean marine ecosystems.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Warm Edge Kelp Populations Show Elevated Volatility to Marine Heatwaves.Ecology letters · 2026Article
- Ventilation and buffering capacity effects on ocean acidification in low oxygen environments.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cumulative Extreme Events Threaten Penguin Habitats Across the Southern Hemisphere.Global change biology · 2025Article
- AI-powered spatiotemporal imputation and prediction of chlorophyll-a concentration in coastal ecosystems.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Food web trophic control modulates tropical Atlantic reef ecosystems response to marine heat wave intensity and duration.The Journal of animal ecology · 2025Article
- Potential for Regional Resilience to Ocean Warming and Acidification Extremes: Projected Vulnerability Under Contrasting Pathways and Thresholds.Global change biology · 2025Article
- Ocean Acidification: Another Planetary Boundary Crossed.Global change biology · 2025Article
- Extreme compound events in the equatorial and South Atlantic.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Global marine heatwave of 2023-24 was viewed as unlikely but not impossible given current warming.Nature · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ocean is warming, losing oxygen and being acidified, primarily as a result of anthropogenic carbon emissions. With ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation projected to increase for decades, extreme events, such as marine heatwaves, will intensify, occur more often, persist for longer periods of time and extend over larger regions. Nevertheless, our understanding of oceanic extreme events that are associated with warming, low oxygen concentrations or high acidity, as well as their impacts on marine ecosystems, remains limited. Compound events-that is, multiple extreme events that occur simultaneously or in close sequence-are of particular concern, as their individual effects may interact synergistically. Here we assess patterns and trends in open ocean extremes based on the existing literature as well as global and regional model simulations. Furthermore, we discuss the potential impacts of individual and compound extremes on marine organisms and ecosystems. We propose a pathway to improve the understanding of extreme events and the capacity of marine life to respond to them. The conditions exhibited by present extreme events may be a harbinger of what may become normal in the future. As a consequence, pursuing this research effort may also help us to better understand the responses of marine organisms and ecosystems to future climate change.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.