ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2022
Determining the effects of training duration on the behavioral expression of habitual control in humans: a multilaboratory investigation.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Does time pressure reveal habits? Divergent results from outcome devaluation and response remapping paradigms.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- The evaluation of devaluation: Deficient outcome devaluation leads to wrongly considering goal-directed actions as habits.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Article
- Human goal-directed behavior is resistant to interventions on the action-outcome contingency.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Distributed activity in the human posterior putamen distinguishes goal-directed from habitual control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Progressive Changes Between Thalamic Nuclei and Cortical Networks Across Stimulus-Response Learning.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Dissociable habits of response preparation versus response initiation.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Cognitive computational model reveals repetition bias in a sequential decision-making task.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Delayed rewards weaken human goal directed actions.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Goal-direction and habit in human and nonhuman behavioral sequences (behavior chains).Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2025Article
- Article
- Emergence of Categorical Representations in Parietal and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex across Extended Training.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effects of sex and estrous cycle on action-outcome contingencies.Behavioural brain research · 2025Article
- Naturally disengaging control to reveal habits.Research square · 2025Article
- Exploring the link between anticipatory outcome encoding in the brain and goal-directed behavior during outcome devaluation.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Differential influence of habit components on compulsive and problematic reward-seeking behavior.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- A dual-pathway architecture enables chronic stress to disrupt agency and promote habit formation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Characterizing Human Habits in the Lab.Collabra. Psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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16 authors.
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Abstract
It has been suggested that there are two distinct and parallel mechanisms for controlling instrumental behavior in mammals: goal-directed actions and habits. To gain an understanding of how these two systems interact to control behavior, it is essential to characterize the mechanisms by which the balance between these systems is influenced by experience. Studies in rodents have shown that the amount of training governs the relative expression of these two systems: Behavior is goal-directed following moderate training, but the more extensively an instrumental action is trained, the more it becomes habitual. It is less clear whether humans exhibit similar training effects on the expression of goal-directed and habitual behavior, as human studies have reported contradictory findings. To tackle these contradictory findings, we formed a consortium, where four laboratories undertook a preregistered experimental induction of habits by manipulating the amount of training. There was no statistical evidence for a main effect of the amount of training on the formation and expression of habits. However, exploratory analyses suggest a moderating effect of the affective component of stress on the impact of training over habit expression. Participants who were lower in affective stress appeared to be initially goal-directed, but became habitual with increased training, whereas participants who were high in affective stress were already habitual even after moderate training, thereby manifesting insensitivity to overtraining effects. Our findings highlight the importance of the role of moderating variables such as individual differences in stress and anxiety when studying the experimental induction of habits in humans.
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