Trial reportBMJ open2021
Patient-reported outcome measures for knowledge transfer and behaviour modification interventions in type 2 diabetes-the INDICA study: a multiarm cluster randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01657227 (Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Two Multi-component Interventions to Improve the Health Outcomes in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Two Multi-component Interventions to Improve the Health Outcomes in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electronic Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Primary Health Care: Mixed Methods Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Is Web-Based Diabetes Training Effective or Ineffective on the Quality of Life of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?: A Systematic Review.Journal of medical systems · 2024Pooled it
- Shared Decision-Making in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Factors associated with patient empowerment in Spanish adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Trial
- Increased Patient Empowerment Is Associated with Improvement in Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from the INDICA Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Interventions to reduce diabetes-related distress among adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Enhancing Type 2 Diabetes Management Involving Healthcare Professionals in Primary Care.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes-With a Focus on Older Populations: An AI-Assisted Rapid Review of Use and Implementation in Clinical and Organizational Practice.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study assesses the effectiveness of different interventions of knowledge transfer and behaviour modification to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients' (T2DM) reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in the long-term.
participantsA total of 2334 patients with uncomplicated T2DM and 211 healthcare professionals were included of 32 primary care centres.
settingPrimary Care Centers in Canary Islands (Spain).
interventionThe intervention for patients (PTI) included an educational group programme, logs and a web-based platform for monitoring and automated short message service (SMS). The intervention for professionals (PFI) included an educational programme, a decision support tool embedded into the electronic clinical record and periodic feedback about patients' results. A third group received both PTI and PFI (combined intervention, CBI). OUTCOME MEASURE: Cognitive-attitudinal, behavioural, affective and health-related quality of life (HQoL) variables.
resultsCompared with UC at 24 months, the PTI group significantly improved knowledge (p=0.005), self-empowerment (p=0.002), adherence to dietary recommendations (p<0.001) and distress (p=0.01). The PFI group improved at 24 months in distress (p=0.03) and at 12 months there were improvements in depression (p=0.003), anxiety (p=0.05), HQoL (p=0.005) and self-empowerment (p<0.001). The CBI group improved at 24 months in self-empowerment (p=0.008) and adherence to dietary recommendations (p=0.004) and at 12 months in knowledge (p=0.008), depression (p=0.006), anxiety (p=0.003), distress (p=0.01), HQoL (p<0.001) and neuropathic symptoms (p=0.02). Statistically significant improvements were also observed at 24 months in the proportion of patients who quit smoking for PTI and CBI (41.5% in PTI and 42.3% in CBI vs 21.2% in the UC group).
conclusionsAssessed interventions to improve PROMs in T2DM attain effectiveness for knowledge, self-empowerment, distress, diet adherence and tobacco cessation. PTI produced the most lasting benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01657227 (6 August 2012) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01657227.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.