Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34911693›Full record

ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2021

Revisiting the role of pulmonary surfactant in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and environmental exposure.

Nadia Milad, Mathieu C Morissette

Open access · diamondAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Sufficiency Is Associated With Reduced Atelectasis in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Modeling ventilation heterogeneity in lung fibrosis.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. GαInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  10. Disruption of model pulmonary surfactant membranes by the cockroach allergen Bla g 1.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025
    Article
  11. Linking Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function: New Insights into Chronic Respiratory Diseases.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
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  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Nadia MiladFaculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-8224
Mathieu C MorissetteQuebec Heart and Lung Institute - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada mathieu.morissette@criucpq.ulaval.ca.
Lung Institute · USUniversité Laval · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pulmonary surfactant is a crucial and dynamic lung structure whose primary functions are to reduce alveolar surface tension and facilitate breathing. Though disruptions in surfactant homeostasis are typically thought of in the context of respiratory distress and premature infants, many lung diseases have been noted to have significant surfactant abnormalities. Nevertheless, preclinical and clinical studies of pulmonary disease too often overlook the potential contribution of surfactant alterations - whether in quantity, quality or composition - to disease pathogenesis and symptoms. In inflammatory lung diseases, whether these changes are cause or consequence remains a subject of debate. This review will outline 1) the importance of pulmonary surfactant in the maintenance of respiratory health, 2) the diseases associated with primary surfactant dysregulation, 3) the surfactant abnormalities observed in inflammatory pulmonary diseases and, finally, 4) the available research on the interplay between surfactant homeostasis and smoking-associated lung disease. From these published studies, we posit that changes in surfactant integrity and composition contribute more considerably to chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases and that more work is required to determine the mechanisms underlying these alterations and their potential treatability.

Indexed as

Lung DiseasesPulmonary SurfactantsEnvironmental ExposureHumansInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureLungPulmonary Surfactants

Identifiers

PMID34911693
PMCPMC9489000
OpenAlexW4200339735

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.