ArticlePloS one2021
Prevalence, incidence and predictors of renal impairment in persons with HIV receiving protease-inhibitors in rural Tanzania.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute kidney injury and its predictors among HIV-positive patients in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Modeling the impact of antiretroviral therapy on HIV and related kidney diseases in Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and predictors of kidney dysfunction among people living with HIV in Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Point of care creatinine testing for early detection of renal dysfunction in Tanzanian HIV patients: a study protocol.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Renal Insufficiency among Adults Living with HIV in Tanzania: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in 2020-2021.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Chronic Diseases Clinic of Ifakara (CDCI)-Establishing a Model Clinic for Chronic Care Delivery in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveRitonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (bPI) in people living with HIV (PLWH) have been associated with renal impairment. Limited data are available from rural sub-Saharan Africa.
methodsUsing data from the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort Study (KIULARCO) in rural Tanzania from 2005-01/2020, we assessed the prevalence of renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2) at the time of switch from first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) to bPI-regimen and the incidence of renal impairment on bPI. We assessed risk factors for renal impairment using logistic and Cox regression models.
resultsRenal impairment was present in 52/687 PLWH (7.6%) at the switch to bPI. Among 556 participants with normal kidney function at switch, 41 (7.4%) developed renal impairment after a median time of 3.5 (IQR 1.6-5.1) years (incidence 22/1,000 person-years (95%CI 16.1-29.8)). Factors associated with renal impairment at switch were older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.55 per 10 years; 95%CI 1.15-2.11), body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (aOR 2.80 versus ≥18kg/m2; 95%CI 1.28-6.14) and arterial hypertension (aOR 2.33; 95%CI 1.03-5.28). The risk of renal impairment was lower with increased duration of ART use (aOR 0.78 per one-year increase; 95%CI 0.67-0.91). The renal impairment incidence under bPI was associated with older age (adjusted hazard ratio 2.01 per 10 years; 95%CI 1.46-2.78).
conclusionsIn PLWH in rural sub-Saharan Africa, prevalence and incidence of renal impairment among those who were switched from first-line to bPI-regimens were high. We found associations between renal impairment and older age, arterial hypertension, low BMI and time on ART.
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