Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34910552›Full record

ArticleScience translational medicine2021

Signatures of immune selection in intact and defective proviruses distinguish HIV-1 elite controllers.

Xiaodong Lian, Ce Gao, Xiaoming Sun, Chenyang Jiang, Kevin B Einkauf, Kyra W Seiger, Joshua M Chevalier, Yuko Yuki, Maureen Martin, Rebecca Hoh and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. The immunophenotype and proviral landscape of HIV-infected CD4 T cells during antiretroviral therapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. NK-like and networked CD8bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. HIV controllers, lessons learnt from the lymphoid tissues.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026
    Review
  12. The HIV reservoir landscape in elite controllers.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Xiaodong LianRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6163-9452
Ce GaoRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3775-790X
Xiaoming SunRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6266-6869
Chenyang JiangRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9586-8416
Kevin B EinkaufRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7123-1293
Kyra W SeigerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3106-5267
Joshua M ChevalierRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8873-6669
Yuko YukiBasic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD and Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1721-6003
Maureen MartinBasic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD and Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0990-3500
Rebecca HohUniversity of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5112-4220
Michael J PelusoUniversity of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0585-6230
Mary CarringtonRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2692-2180
Ezequiel Ruiz-MateosClinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6747-7813
Steven G DeeksUniversity of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6371-747X
Eric S RosenbergInfectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8217-5458
Bruce D WalkerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6122-9245
Mathias LichterfeldRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9865-8350
Xu G YuRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8295-884X

Funding

The impact of HIV viral diversity and cellular immunity on HIV pathogenesisP30AI060354 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI RAJESH T GANDHI · 2004 to 2026
$94.4M
Virology CoreP30AI027763 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MALLORY O JOHNSON · 1988 to 2026
$93.6M
Viral reservoirs and sanctuaries in HAART - treated patients: role and mechanismsU19AI096109 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SEKALY, RAFICK PIERRE · 2011 to 2015
$29.5M
Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise to Cure HIVUM1AI126611 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DEEKS, STEVEN GRANT, PICKER, LOUIS J. · 2016 to 2020
$27.9M
First-in-human study of two anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies in health volunteersUM1AI126620 · NIAID · WISTAR INSTITUTE · PI MONTANER, LUIS J, RILEY, JAMES L. · 2016 to 2021
$24.5M
A Pilot Clinical Trial for HIV-1 EradicationU01AI117841 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI KURITZKES, DANIEL R., LICHTERFELD, MATHIAS · 2015 to 2020
$10.7M
A clinical trial to evaluate the impact of broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 on HIV viral reservoir and maintenance of suppression in a cohort of early-treated children in BotswanaU01AI135940 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI KURITZKES, DANIEL R., LICHTERFELD, MATHIAS · 2018 to 2024
$10.4M
Pathogenesis of Clade C HIV InfectionR37AI067073 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WALKER, BRUCE D · 2011 to 2020
$6.6M
Training in HIV Translational ResearchT32AI060530 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Diane V Havlir · 2005 to 2026
$6.4M
HIV Reservoir Ecology of Viral Remission (PTC)R01AI150396 · NIAID · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI LI, JONATHAN · 2020 to 2025
$5.4M
Elite controllers as a model for a cure of HIV-1 infectionR37AI155171 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Xu Yu · 2020 to 2026
$5.2M
Early Infant TreatmentU01AI114235 · NIAID · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI KURITZKES, DANIEL R., LICHTERFELD, MATHIAS · 2014 to 2020
$5.1M
CCR NIH HHS HHSN261200800001CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261200800001ENHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL134539NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI157875NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI155233NIAID NIH HHS L30 AI147159NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027763NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI060354NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI078799NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI120008NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI130005NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI150396NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152979NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI116228NIAID NIH HHS R33 AI116228NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI067073NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI155171NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI060530NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI114235NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI117841NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI135940NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI096109NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI126611NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI126620NIDA NIH HHS R33 DA047034NIDA NIH HHS R61 DA047034NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK120387
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that durable drug-free control of HIV-1 replication is enabled by effective cellular immune responses that may induce an attenuated viral reservoir configuration with a weaker ability to drive viral rebound. Here, we comprehensively tracked effects of antiviral immune responses on intact and defective proviral sequences from elite controllers (ECs), analyzing both classical escape mutations and HIV-1 chromosomal integration sites as biomarkers of antiviral immune selection pressure. We observed that, within ECs, defective proviruses were commonly located in permissive genic euchromatin positions, which represented an apparent contrast to autologous intact proviruses that were frequently located in heterochromatin regions; this suggests differential immune selection pressure on intact versus defective proviruses in ECs. In comparison to individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy, intact and defective proviruses from ECs showed reduced frequencies of escape mutations in cytotoxic T cell epitopes and antibody contact regions, possibly due to the small and poorly inducible reservoir that may be insufficient to drive effective viral escape in ECs. About 15% of ECs harbored

Indexed as

HIV-1HIV InfectionsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesElite ControllersEpitopes, T-LymphocyteHumansProvirusesViral LoadEpitopes, T-Lymphocyte

Identifiers

PMID34910552
PMCPMC9202005

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.