ArticleClinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)2021
Huangkui Capsule in Combination with Leflunomide Improves Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy by Inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway.
Article in Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Which commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations combined with ACEI/ARB is effective and safe for IgA nephropathy? A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Integrating proteomics and network pharmacology to explore the relevant mechanism of Huangkui capsule in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Effect of time-weighted average 25(OH)D on the occurrence of major adverse kidney events in IgA nephropathy-from a 10-year population-based cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Review
- The protective roles of augmenter of liver regeneration in hepatocytes in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the efficacy and potential molecular mechanism of Huangkui capsule in combination with leflunomide (HKL) for the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).
methodsIgAN rat models were constructed by treating rats with bovine serum albumin, lipopolysaccharide, and tetrachloromethane. Th22 cells were isolated from the blood samples of patients with IgAN using a CD4+ T cell isolation kit. The expression levels of the components of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, namely, TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7, were detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was determined using the MTT assay, cell viability was determined using the WST 1 method, and the chemotaxis of Th22 cells was observed using the wound healing assay. Changes in the histology of the kidney tissues were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.
resultsCompared with IgAN rats, the rats subjected to HKL treatment showed good improvement in kidney injuries, and the combined drug treatment performed much better than the single-drug treatment. In addition, following HKL treatment, the viability, proliferation, and chemotaxis of Th22 cells dramatically decreased (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001). In addition, CCL20, CCL22, and CCL27 levels decreased and the expression of the key components of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway was downregulated in IgAN rats and Th22 cells (*p<0.05, ***p<0.001).
conclusionsBy targeting the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, HKL treatment can improve kidney injury in IgAN rats as well as the excessive proliferation and metastasis of Th22 cells.
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