Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34909782›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2021

Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 disease incidence independent of comorbidities, among people with HIV in the US.

R A Bender Ignacio, A E Shapiro, R M Nance, B M Whitney, Jac Delaney, L Bamford, D Wooten, M Karris, W C Mathews, H N Kim and 16 more

Open access · greenAbstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.

R A Bender IgnacioUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
A E ShapiroUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
R M NanceUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
B M WhitneyUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jac DelaneyUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
L BamfordUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
D WootenUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
M KarrisUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
W C MathewsUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
H N KimUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
S E Van RompaeyUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
J C KerulyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
G BurkholderUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
S NapravnikUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
K H MayerFenway Health and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
J JacobsonCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
M S SaagUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
R D MooreJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
J J EronUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
A L WilligUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
K A ChristopoulosUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
J MartinUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
P W HuntUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
H M CraneUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
M M KitahataUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
E CachayUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
University of Washington · USUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USJohns Hopkins University · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USCase Western Reserve University · USHarvard University · USUniversity of Manitoba · CA

Funding

University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS ResearchP30AI027757 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CONNIE L CELUM · 1988 to 2026
$104.9M
Unsolicited R24 for the CFAR-Network of Integrated Clinical Sciences, CNICSR24AI067039 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Michael S. Saag · 2006 to 2026
$99.4M
The impact of HIV viral diversity and cellular immunity on HIV pathogenesisP30AI060354 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI ARTHUR Y KIM · 2004 to 2026
$94.4M
Virology CoreP30AI027763 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STEVEN Grant DEEKS · 1988 to 2026
$93.6M
Virology CoreP30AI027767 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Paul A. Goepfert · 1988 to 2026
$84.1M
VirologyP30AI036214 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SUSAN JANET LITTLE · 1994 to 2026
$78.4M
Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology CoreP30AI050410 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DAVID M. MARGOLIS · 2001 to 2026
$76.9M
Vaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Anna Palmer Durbin · 2012 to 2026
$67.0M
WG3: HIV, Co-infections and Co-morbiditiesP30AI036219 · NIAID · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI Immaculate Lillian Nankya · 1994 to 2026
$50.0M
Substance use patterns and contexts: impact on epigenetic age and prevention strategies in an HIV clinical care cohortR01DA047045 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Heidi M. Crane, Joseph Austin Delaney · 2018 to 2026
$5.1M
Novel clinic-based TB diagnostics and testing algorithms for persons with HIVK23AI140918 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI SHAPIRO, ADRIENNE E · 2019 to 2024
$937k
NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI140918NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027757NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027763NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027767NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI036214NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI036219NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050410NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI060354NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIAID NIH HHS R24 AI067039NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA047045
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo define the incidence of clinically-detected COVID-19 in people with HIV (PWH) in the US and evaluate how racial and ethnic disparities, comorbidities, and HIV-related factors contribute to risk of COVID-19.

designObservational study within the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort in 7 cities during 2020.

methodsWe calculated cumulative incidence rates of COVID-19 diagnosis among PWH in routine care by key characteristics including race/ethnicity, current and lowest CD4 count, and geographic area. We evaluated risk factors for COVID-19 among PWH using relative risk regression models adjusted with disease risk scores.

resultsAmong 16,056 PWH in care, of whom 44.5% were Black, 12.5% were Hispanic, with a median age of 52 years (IQR 40-59), 18% had a current CD4 count < 350, including 7% < 200; 95.5% were on antiretroviral therapy, and 85.6% were virologically suppressed. Overall in 2020, 649 PWH were diagnosed with COVID-19 for a rate of 4.94 cases per 100 person-years. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 2.4-fold and 1.7-fold higher in Hispanic and Black PWH respectively, than non-Hispanic White PWH. In adjusted analyses, factors associated with COVID-19 included female sex, Hispanic or Black identity, lowest historical CD4 count <350 (proxy for CD4 nadir), current low CD4/CD8 ratio, diabetes, and obesity.

conclusionsOur results suggest that the presence of structural racial inequities above and beyond medical comorbidities increased the risk of COVID-19 among PWHPWH with immune exhaustion as evidenced by lowest historical CD4 or current low CD4:CD8 ratio had greater risk of COVID-19.

Identifiers

PMID34909782
PMCPMC8669849
OpenAlexW4200402215

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.