ReviewCurrent research in pharmacology and drug discovery2021
Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of integrase strand transfer inhibitors.
Review in Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Age-dependent mitochondrial toxicity in renal stem cells: A precise 3D silk matrix model.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral resistance in at least second-line HIV-1 treatment virologic failure with common InSTI-based regimens.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- The effect of antacid and mineral supplements on bictegravir pharmacokinetics: results from a Phase 1, open-label, drug-drug interaction study.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in Patients With HIV With Solid Organ Transplantation: A Case Series.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/bictegravir as a first-line regimen in people with HIV: A retrospective observational study.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral therapy and associated drug interactions with cardiovascular drugs: a critical review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Management of Antiretroviral Therapy and Opportunistic Infections in People Living with HIV Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in British Columbia.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2024Article
- The differential effects of integrase strand transfer inhibitors and efavirenz on neuropsychiatric conditions and brain imaging in HIV-positive men who have sex with men.Biosafety and health · 2024Article
- A Review of FDA-Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds, and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy: A 2023 Review of the Literature.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Iranian Treatment-experienced Individuals.Current HIV research · 2024Article
- Roadmap for Achieving Universal Antiretroviral Treatment.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2023Review
- Care cascade of tuberculosis infection treatment for people living with HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy scale-up.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- 3D Spheroids of Human Primary Urine-Derived Stem Cells in the Assessment of Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Toxicity.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Pharmacological interactions: Synergism, or not synergism, that is the question.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-containing regimens are currently considered as the first-line treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although possessing a common mechanism of action to inhibit HIV integrase irreversibly to stop HIV replication cycle, the INSTIs, including raltegravir, elvitegravir, dolutegravir, and bictegravir, differ in pharmacokinetic characteristics. While raltegravir undergoes biotransformation by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), elvitegravir is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and co-formulated with cobicistat to increase its plasma exposure. The metabolism pathways of dolutegravir and bictegravir are similar, both including CYP3A and UGT1A1, and both agents are substrates to different drug transporters. Because of their differences in metabolism, INSTIs interact with other medications differently through CYP enzymes and transporters as inducers or inhibitors. These drug interactions may become an important consideration in the long-term clinical use because the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH) approaches to that of the general population. Also, common geriatric challenges such as multimorbidity and polypharmacy have been increasingly recognized in PWH. This review provides a summary of pharmacokinetic interactions with INSTIs and future perspectives in implications of INSTI drug interactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.