ReviewJournal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine2021
Success rate of nitrous oxide-oxygen procedural sedation in dental patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Nitrous Oxide and Midazolam Sedation Protocols in Pediatric Dentistry: A Multicenter Clinical Retrospective Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of Inhalation Sedation on Cardiovascular Haemodynamics in Hypertensive Patients Requiring Dental Treatment: A Clinical Observational Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Observational
- Effectiveness of Audiovisual Distraction During Dental Treatment Under Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Conscious Sedation in Paediatric Patients: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Use of the Lüscher Color Test in Pediatric Dentistry: A Prospective Study in Behaviorally Challenging Pediatric Dental Patients Undergoing Conscious Sedation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multimodal perspectives on dental anxiety etiology and technologies.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Reducing the environmental impact of nitrous oxide in dentistry: a national quality improvement project.British dental journal · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and predictive factors of nitrous oxide and oxygen inhalation sedation for paediatric dental procedures: a retrospective cohort study of Thai children.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide and midazolam for conscious sedation in pediatric dental patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluating the Quality of Systematic Reviews on Pediatric Sedation in Dentistry: An Umbrella Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- A new academic leap in the fields of anesthesia and pain management in dentistry.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2024Article
- The Use of Equimolar Mixtures of Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen in Oral Surgery-A Retrospective Study of Patients in a Swiss University Hospital Setting.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The 4P Strategy for Managing Hypersensitive Gag Reflex: A Case Report and Clinical Guide.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to determine the success rate of nitrous oxide-oxygen procedural sedation (NOIS) in dentistry. A systematic digital search was conducted for publications or reports of randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical performance of NOIS. Abstracts of research papers were screened for suitability, and full-text articles were obtained for those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria accordingly. The quality of the studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2). A total of 19 articles (eight randomized clinical trials with parallel intervention groups and 11 crossover trials), published between May 1988 and August 2019, were finally selected for this review. The studies followed 1293 patients reporting NOIS success rates, with a cumulative mean value of 94.9% (95% CI: 88.8-98.9%). Thirteen trials were conducted on pediatric populations (1098 patients), and the remaining six were conducted on adults (195 patients), with cumulative efficacy rates of 91.9% (95% CI: 82.5-98.1%) and 99.9% (95% CI: 97.7-100.0%), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Completion of treatment and Section IV of the Houpt scale were the most used efficacy criteria. Within the limitations of this systematic review, the present study provides important information on the efficacy rate of NOIS. However, further well-designed and well-documented clinical trials are required and there is a need to develop guidelines for standardization of criteria and definition of success in procedural sedation. Currently, completion of treatment is the most used parameter in clinical practice, though many others also do exist at the same time. To maximize NOIS efficacy, clinicians should strictly consider appropriate indications for the procedure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.