ArticleClinical neuropsychiatry2020
The Four Horsemen of Fear: An Integrated Model of Understanding Fear Experiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Article in Clinical neuropsychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 321 citations in OpenAlex.
- The collateral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: A gender-specific systematic review of disordered eating behaviour in the general population.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2025Pooled it
- Instruments to measure fear of COVID-19: a diagnostic systematic review.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Cyberchondria in the age of COVID-19.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Lives Transformed-The Experiences of Significant Others Supporting Patients With Severe Burn Injury: A Narrative Inquiry.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Understanding Motivating Factors for COVID-19 Vaccination in Families Defaulting from Childhood Immunization: A Mixed-Methods Study in Pakistan.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults accessing specialist psychiatric care: A cross-sectional Canadian analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Associations between social media exposure and COVID-19 preventive behaviors in post-zero-COVID China: a moderated mediation model of risk perception, fear, and mindfulness.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Social Stigma Associated with COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers: A Concept Analysis.Journal of caring sciences · 2025Review
- Navigating the trauma-The experiences of significant others supporting patients with severe burn injury: A narrative inquiry.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Article
- Article
- Gender differences in the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 fear among mental health professionals: a network perspective based on a national survey in China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in the Relationship between Adult Attachment and Quality of Life.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- Interplay of Dyadic Consensus, Reflective Functioning, and Perinatal Affective Difficulties in Modulating Fear of COVID-19 among First-Time Mothers: A Mediation Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- A Worldwide Bibliometric Analysis of Published Literature Assessing Fear of COVID-19.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
- Article
- Internet Use and Effects on Mental Well-being During the Lockdown Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Younger Versus Older Adults: Observational Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Article
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this article, we argue that fear experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic are organized on the psychological level around four interrelated dialectical domains, namely (1) fear of the body/fear for the body, (2) fear of significant others/fear for significant others, (3) fear of not knowing/fear of knowing, and (4) fear of taking action/fear of inaction. These domains represent the bodily, interpersonal, cognitive, and behavioural features of fear, respectively. We propose ways of addressing these fears and minimising their impact by improving appraisal of the body, fostering attachment security, improving emotion regulation, adopting acceptance and promoting responsibility.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.