ArticleJournal of inflammation research2021
Th1/Th2 Balance in Young Subjects: Relationship with Cytokine Levels and Metabolic Profile.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imbalance of helper T cell type 1, helper T cell type 2 and associated cytokines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Assessment of immune function in individuals without and with obesity and normoglycemia, glucose intolerance, or type 2 diabetes: primary findings of the NutrIMM study, a single-arm controlled feeding trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Cytokine Profiles as Molecular Markers Associated with Physical Exercise and Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Enhanced immunogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus IsdE vaccine with SeNPs and BCG adjuvants in mice.AMB Express · 2026Article
- Clinical, functional, and immunological profiles across frailty subgroups in maintenance hemodialysis patient.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- The gut-lung axis in childhood asthma: from early-life programming to microbiome-informed precision medicine-a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inflammation-immune-nutrition biomarkers and PSA variability: A population-based study on the clinical potential of the CALLY index.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Linking Metabolic Disorders and Immune System Phenomena in Schizophrenia: The Role of Adipose Tissue and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Considering the Inflammatory Theory.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association Between Pentraxins and Obesity in Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the effect of the waist-rubbing method on immune balance in rats with lumbar disc herniation.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Association of Shanghai air pollution with postoperative infection in adolescent orthopedic patients: a study using a deep learning-based evolutionary model.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of action and applications ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The investigation of the role of oral-originatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Serum autophagy protein 5 is positively related to T helper 2/T helper 1 ratio, inflammation, and exacerbation in adult asthma patients.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Article
- From Immunogen to COVID-19 vaccines: Prospects for the post-pandemic era.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Review
- Current status and development direction of immunomodulatory therapy for intervertebral disk degeneration.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- A novel oncolytic virus-based biomarker participates in prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of glioma.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Immunity and reproduction protective effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Cyclophosphamide/Busulfan-induced premature ovarian failure model mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- COVID-19, obesity, and immune response 2 years after the pandemic: A timeline of scientific advances.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe aim to identify Th1 and Th2 cell clusters in young subjects, including their clinical and metabolic characteristics and the Th1/Th2 balance. PATIENTS AND
methodsA total of 100 participants were included. The frequencies of Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Serum C-reactive protein was measured using a turbidimetric assay, and insulin levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating cytokine levels were analyzed using a multiplex system.
resultsA cluster analysis was performed to determine the Th1/Th2 balance in a group of young people, and 3 clusters were formed with the following characteristics: 1) subjects with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia (38%), dyslipidemia (38-75%), and insulin resistance (50%), as well as a higher percentage of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio, including elevated IFN-ɣ levels; 2) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (23%) and insulin resistance (15.4%), but a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (8-85%) with a predominance of Th2 cells, and lower Th1/Th2 ratio; 3) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (6%), insulin resistance (41%), and dyslipidemia (10-63%), as well as a balance of Th1 and Th2 cells and lower Th1/Th2 ratio, including low IFN-ɣ levels. Positive correlations between Th1 cells with IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-1β and between Th2 cells with IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 were found (p < 0.05). A significant increase in Th1 cells was observed in the presence of hyperglycemia and high LDL-C levels, as well as increased Th2 cells in the absence of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, including low HDL-C levels. The Th1/Th2 ratio was higher in the group with high cardiometabolic risk (p = 0.03).
conclusionTh1/Th2 balance is related to metabolic abnormalities that may occur in young population, and thus the timely identification of different phenotypes may help predict an increased cardiometabolic risk.
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