ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2021
Alterations in Peripheral C-Reactive Protein and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Patients with Panic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07444879 (Investigation of IL-33, sST2, and C-Reactive Protein in Panic Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of IL-33, sST2, and C-Reactive Protein in Panic Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low 5HTJournal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Mental Ill-Health in young people with systemic autoinflammatory disease - a scoping review.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Claudin-5 and inflammatory biomarkers in panic disorder: a 6-week follow-up study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Direct and Indirect Effect of Guselkumab on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Mediation Analysis.Dermatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Recent advances in anxiety disorders: Focus on animal models and pathological mechanisms.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Serum C-reactive protein level and sleep characteristics in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome comorbid with panic disorder: a preliminary study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Predicting the diagnosis of various mental disorders in a mixed cohort using blood-based multi-protein model: a machine learning approach.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Origin of Sex-Biased Mental Disorders: Do Males and Females Experience Different Selective Regimes?Journal of molecular evolution · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccumulating evidence has shown the important role of the inflammatory process in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. However, the relative levels of inflammatory markers in patients with panic disorder (PD) have rarely been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review to determine the correlation of peripheral C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cytokine profiles with PD.
methodsThis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched for quantitative research studies published up to July 31, 2021 that measured peripheral levels of CRP and inflammatory cytokines in people with PD compared with controls. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed for the levels of CRP and inflammatory cytokines with data from three or more studies.
resultsFourteen identified studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, 18 cytokines were evaluated. Markers that were reported in more than 3 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that peripheral levels of CRP, IL-6, IL-2 and TNF-α were significantly higher in PD patients than in healthy controls, while there was no significant difference in peripheral levels of IL-1β, IL-10 and IFN-γ between groups. Notably, the relevant studies involving IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 and IFN-γ in PD patients were highly heterogeneous. Similar to meta-analyses of other inflammatory factors in mental disorders, our meta-analysis also reflected differences in participant medication use, comorbid anxiety or depression, sampling methods and detection methods. Eight inflammatory cytokines were reported in only one study, and their expression levels were higher, lower, or unchanged compared with those in healthy controls.
conclusionThere is preliminary evidence to suggest a significant inflammatory response in PD patients, but the role of inflammatory markers in PD remains unclear. Studying inflammatory markers in PD will help to clarify the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of the disorder.
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