ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2021
Disparities in Air Pollution Exposure in the United States by Race/Ethnicity and Income, 1990-2010.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 197 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
197 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Hazardous Environmental Pollutants and Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review on the Consideration of Race and Ethnicity in Environmental Epidemiology Research.Current environmental health reports · 2025Pooled it
- Is exposure to chemical pollutants associated with sleep outcomes? A systematic review.Sleep medicine reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Ambient air pollution and clinical dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- Racial disparities in uterine fibroids and endometriosis: a systematic review and application of social, structural, and political context.Fertility and sterility · 2023Pooled it
- Spatially Refined Analysis of Emission Burdens and Equity from Light-, Medium-, and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Traffic in the United States.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Cardiopulmonary hospitalization risks from wildfire-specific and non-wildfire PMNature communications · 2026Article
- Air pollution and autism-like traits: Sensitive periods and joint effects of exposure to sources and constituents of fine particulate matter.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Training Community-Academic Teams to Use Low-Cost Air Monitors: A Mixed Method Evaluation of the RISE Communities Program.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Within- and between-study site variations in ambient air pollution exposure at ages 9-10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Workplace Exposures May Mask Wildfire Smoke-Related Exposure Inequities and Mortality.Environmental science & technology letters · 2026Article
- TROPOMI CO and NOEnvironmental science & technology · 2026Article
- PMScience advances · 2026Article
- Impact of Air Pollution on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Beyond Black and White: relationships between segregation, environmental burden, and birth outcomes among Black and Latino populations.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Multifactorial Impact of Age, Race, and Female Sex on Management of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- The use of race and ethnicity in air pollution epidemiology and methodological recommendations: A scoping review focusing on California.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Review
- Differential Health Impacts of Short-Term Particulate Matter Exposure in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Scoping Review.GeoHealth · 2026Review
- Encoding Justice with Data: Environmental Justice Screening Tools and the Limits of Quantification.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- A cross-sectional analysis of disparities in neighborhood physical activity environments across the urban-rural Spectrum in the contiguous United States.Preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Implementing empirical likelihood within the causal inference framework to study causal effects of air pollution on reproductive development.Statistical methods in medical research · 2026Article
137 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have investigated air pollution exposure disparities by race/ethnicity and income across criteria air pollutants, locations, or time.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to quantify exposure disparities by race/ethnicity and income throughout the contiguous United States for six criteria air pollutants, during the period 1990 to 2010.
methodsWe quantified exposure disparities among racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic (any race), non-Hispanic Asian) and by income for multiple spatial units (contiguous United States, states, urban vs. rural areas) and years (1990, 2000, 2010) for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (
resultsFor all years and pollutants, the racial/ethnic group with the highest national average exposure was a racial/ethnic minority group. In 2010, the disparity between the racial/ethnic group with the highest vs. lowest national-average exposure was largest for DISCUSSION: As air pollution concentrations declined during the period 1990 to 2010, absolute (and to a lesser extent, relative) racial/ethnic exposure disparities also declined. However, in 2010, racial/ethnic exposure disparities remained across income levels, in urban and rural areas, and in all states, for multiple pollutants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8584.
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