ArticleBrain and behavior2022
Assessment of brain age in posttraumatic stress disorder: Findings from the ENIGMA PTSD and brain age working groups.
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In one paragraph
Article in Brain and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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50citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder moderates the association between BrainAge acceleration and GrimAge acceleration.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Pooled it
- Accelerated Aging after Traumatic Brain Injury: An ENIGMA Multi-Cohort Mega-Analysis.Annals of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Remodeling of the Cortical Structural Connectome in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Results From the ENIGMA-PGC Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Consortium.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Pooled it
- Accelerated brain aging in Veterans with posttraumatic stress symptoms and mild traumatic brain injury.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- The Transdiagnostic Association Between Childhood Trauma and Accelerated Brain Aging in Two Independent Datasets.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Genetically informed dissection of multimodal brain aging and ten major psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mediation Analysis Between Brain Age, Disease-Modifying Factors, and Disability and Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2026Article
- Characteristic spatiotemporal features of large-scale functional network architecture in posttraumatic stress disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Accelerated Brain Aging in Young Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Experimental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Depression and aging: insights from brain age prediction models.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Dynamic and Static Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Canonical Networks in Military and Civilian Populations With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and/or Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- The moderating role of psychological resilience on brain aging and PTSD in a community sample of South African women.Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Lower Gyrification of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An ENIGMA-PTSD Study.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Replicated evidence for an accelerated rate of whole-body aging in schizophrenia.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Brain Age With Physical Disability and Cognitive Impairment in People With Multiple Sclerosis of the Same Age.Neurology · 2026Article
- Brain Age in Conduct Disorder:: A Mega-Analysis of the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior Working Group.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The differential effect of chronological age and brain age on cognitive fatigue: new metrics, new insights.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Ultra-fast MRI for brain-age prediction in a real-world cognitive disorders clinic.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- One-month early time-restricted eating mitigates brain aging and enhances memory in males with metabolic syndrome: an MRI structural study.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Structural brain alterations associated with brain age may link to social dysfunction in male adults with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
71 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Ashley N ClausenVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1773-7733
Kelene A FerchoCenter for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA.
Molly MonsourDuke University Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Seth DisnerCenter for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA.
Lauren SalminenImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.
Courtney C HaswellVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Emily Clarke RubrightVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Amanda A WattsVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
M Nicole BuckleyVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Adi Maron-KatzDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Anika SierkUniversity Medical Centre Charite, Berlin, Germany.
Antje MantheyUniversity Medical Centre Charite, Berlin, Germany.
Benjamin Suarez-JimenezColumbia University Medical Center, Manhattan, New York, USA.
Bunmi O OlatunjiDepartment of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Christopher L AverillClinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7575-6142
David HofmannInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Elizabeth A OlsonHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4617-8050
Gen LiDepartment of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Gina L ForsterBrain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Henrik WalterUniversity Medical Centre Charite, Berlin, Germany.
Jacklynn FitzgeraldMarquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6076-4067
Jean ThébergeDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Jeffrey S SimonsCenter for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA.
Jessica A BomyeaUC San Diego Department of Psychiatry, San Deigo, California, USA.
Jessie L FrijlingDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
John H KrystalClinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Justin T BakerInstitute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard University, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
K Luan PhanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Kerry ResslerDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Laura K M HanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Laura NawijnDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7183-8933
Lauren A M LeboisDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5816-9181
Lianne SchmaalCentre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Maria DensmoreDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Martha E ShentonDepartment of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, Massachusetts, USA.
Mirjam van ZuidenDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Murray SteinUC San Diego Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, San Deigo, California, USA.
Negar FaniDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Raluca M SimonsCenter for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA.
Richard W J NeufeldDepartment of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Ruth LaniusDepartment of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-3758-1393
Sanne van RooijDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0160-7248
Saskia B J KochDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3628-6712
Serena BonomoNew York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Tanja JovanovicDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6456-0053
Terri deRoon-CassiniMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Timothy D ElyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Vincent A MagnottaDepartments of Radiology, Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Xiaofu HeColumbia University Medical Center, Manhattan, New York, USA.
Chadi G AbdallahClinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Amit EtkinDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Christian SchmahlDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Christine LarsonUniversity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Isabelle M RossoHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6988-3858
Jennifer Urbano BlackfordDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Jennifer S StevensDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Judith K DanielsUniversity of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Julia HerzogDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Milissa L KaufmanDivision of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
Miranda OlffARQ National Psychotrauma Centrum, Diemen, The Netherlands.
Richard J DavidsonCenter for Healthy Minds, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Scott R SponheimDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Sven C MuellerDepartment of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Thomas StraubeInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
Xi ZhuColumbia University Medical Center, Manhattan, New York, USA.
Yuval NeriaColumbia University Medical Center, Manhattan, New York, USA.
Lee A BaughCenter for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA.
James H ColeCentre for Medical Image Computing, Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.
Rajendra A MoreyVA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Duke University · USHarvard University · USAmsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam · NLColumbia University Irving Medical Center · USEmory University · USUniversity of South Dakota · USWestern University · CACharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEHeidelberg University · DEUniversity of Minnesota · USUniversity of Southern California · USYale University · USAmsterdam Neuroscience · NLAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NLBrigham and Women's Hospital · USChinese Academy of Sciences · CNFederal Aviation Administration · USMarquette University · USMcLean Hospital · USMedical College of Wisconsin · US
Funding
Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9MThe Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR000445 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2016
$41.4MAtlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI) RenewalUL1TR000454 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHENS, DAVID S · 2012 to 2016
$25.8MWISCONSIN CENTER ON MENTAL RETARDATION: CORE SUPPORTP30HD003352 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI SVAREN, JOHN P · 1985 to 2015
$25.2MX LINKED NYSTAGMUS SYNDROME WITH FEATURES OF ALBINISMM01RR000039 · NCRR · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VACCARINO, VIOLA · 1985 to 2007
$21.3MTR&D3: Intrinsic Surface MappingP41EB015922 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI TOGA, ARTHUR W · 2012 to 2022
$14.1MRESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAM IN PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGYT32MH013043 · NIMH · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI Katherine M. Keyes · 1985 to 2026
$11.7MTRAINING PROGRAM IN EMOTION RESEARCHT32MH018931 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Richard J Davidson · 1989 to 2026
$11.6MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MNeural Substrates of Affective Style and Emotion RegulationR01MH043454 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DAVIDSON, RICHARD J, SCHAEFER, STACEY M · 1989 to 2022
$9.6MGenetic and Trauma-Related Risk Factors for PTSDR01MH071537 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RESSLER, KERRY J. · 2005 to 2014
$8.5MTrauma and Genomics Modulate Brain Structure across Common Psychiatric DisordersR01MH111671 · NIMH · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI MARK W LOGUE, RAJENDRA A MOREY · 2017 to 2026
$4.4MCSRD VA IK2 CX001600Medical Research Council MR/R024790/2NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000445NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000454NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000039NIA NIH HHS R56 AG058854NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015922NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD085850NICHD NIH HHS P30 HD003352NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD071982NIMH NIH HHS F31 MH113271NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH109274NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH118428NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH118467NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH122774NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH101380NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH112873NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH043454NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH096987NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105355NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH106574NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111671NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH098212NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH112956NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH043454NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH013043NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018931RRD VA I01 RX000622RRD VA IK2 RX002922
Abstract
backgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with markers of accelerated aging. Estimates of brain age, compared to chronological age, may clarify the effects of PTSD on the brain and may inform treatment approaches targeting the neurobiology of aging in the context of PTSD.
methodAdult subjects (N = 2229; 56.2% male) aged 18-69 years (mean = 35.6, SD = 11.0) from 21 ENIGMA-PGC PTSD sites underwent T1-weighted brain structural magnetic resonance imaging, and PTSD assessment (PTSD+, n = 884). Previously trained voxel-wise (brainageR) and region-of-interest (BARACUS and PHOTON) machine learning pipelines were compared in a subset of control subjects (n = 386). Linear mixed effects models were conducted in the full sample (those with and without PTSD) to examine the effect of PTSD on brain predicted age difference (brain PAD; brain age - chronological age) controlling for chronological age, sex, and scan site.
resultsBrainageR most accurately predicted brain age in a subset (n = 386) of controls (brainageR: ICC = 0.71, R = 0.72, MAE = 5.68; PHOTON: ICC = 0.61, R = 0.62, MAE = 6.37; BARACUS: ICC = 0.47, R = 0.64, MAE = 8.80). Using brainageR, a three-way interaction revealed that young males with PTSD exhibited higher brain PAD relative to male controls in young and old age groups; old males with PTSD exhibited lower brain PAD compared to male controls of all ages. DISCUSSION: Differential impact of PTSD on brain PAD in younger versus older males may indicate a critical window when PTSD impacts brain aging, followed by age-related brain changes that are consonant with individuals without PTSD. Future longitudinal research is warranted to understand how PTSD impacts brain aging across the lifespan.
Indexed as
Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdolescentAdultAgedAgingBrainFemaleHumansMachine LearningMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultagingmachine learningmega-analysisneuroimagingposttraumatic stress disordertrauma
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