ArticleScientific reports2021
Spontaneous formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is associated with autophagy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell death crosstalk in NET-Driven inflammation: mechanisms, disease contexts, and therapeutic perspectives.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Sitagliptin Modulates Functional and Phenotypic Properties of Human Neutrophils Under Normal- and High-Glucose Conditions In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Autophagy, NET formation, and inflammation crosstalk in thrombotic autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Comparison of Neutrophil Secretion of Cytokines and NET Formation in Response to Lipopolysaccharide and Group BJournal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: pathogenic roles, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in pregnancy complications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of Hydroxychloroquine in the Management of Rheumatic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- Neutrophils in cancer: from immune defense to tumor promotion.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- ITGB2 and ICAM3 predict increased survival of sepsis with decreased intercellular communication in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hydroxychloroquine: A double‑edged sword (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- The inducible role of autophagy in cell death: emerging evidence and future perspectives.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- [Research Progress of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
- Hydroxychloroquine's diverse targets: a new frontier in precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Association between ATG16L1 rs2241880(T300A) and rs4663421 and ANCA‑associated vasculitis in the Guangxi population of China: Propensity score matching analysis.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Equine neutrophils selectively release neutrophil extracellular traps in response to chemical and bacterial agonists.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Suppression of Inflammation by Si Miao San in Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Modulation of the AKT/ROS/Autophagy Axis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Autophagy-mediated regulation of neutrophil inflammatory responses and its relevance to central nervous system diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- How Do ROS Induce NETosis? Oxidative DNA Damage, DNA Repair, and Chromatin Decondensation.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), via NETosis, as a defense mechanism against pathogens. Neutrophils can release NETs spontaneously; however, the mechanisms underlying spontaneous NETosis remain unclear. Neutrophils isolated from healthy donors were tested for NET formation and autophagy at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after incubation. Autophagy response was evaluated in response to various autophagy inducers and inhibitors. The relationship between autophagy and NETosis was detected in vivo using an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of asthma. We found that the increase in the proportion of spontaneous NETosis was time-dependent. The number of autophagy-positive cells also increased over time and LC3B protein played an integral role in NET formation. Trehalose (an inducer of mTOR-independent autophagy) treatment significantly increased NET formation, whereas rapamycin (an mTOR-dependent autophagy inducer) did not increase NET release by neutrophils. Compared with the control group, 3-methyladenine (an autophagy sequestration inhibitor) and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibitor) treatments significantly reduced the percentage of NET-positive cells. In vivo studies on ovalbumin-induced asthma lung sections revealed NETs and LC3B and citH3 proteins were found to co-localize with DNA. Our findings suggest that autophagy plays a crucial role in aging-related spontaneous NETosis.
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