ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2021
Quantitative assessment of the immune microenvironment in African American Triple Negative Breast Cancer: a case-control study.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial disparities in outcomes of patients with stage I-III triple-negative breast cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy: a post-hoc analysis of the E5103 randomized trial.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Trial
- Racial Disparity in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Risk-Predictive and Actionable Biomarkers for Early Intervention.Cancers · 2026Review
- Racial disparity in pro-metastatic tumor microenvironment in treatment naïve breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- The African-Specific Variant in the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines Gene, CD8+ T-Cell Density, and Aggressive Breast Cancer Subtypes in Black Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Quantitative analysis of T cell subsets in a population of Black women with invasive breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Comparative transcriptomic, epigenomic and immunological analyses identify drivers of disparity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.NPJ genomic medicine · 2024Article
- The VEGF-Hypoxia Signature Is Upregulated in Basal-like Breast Tumors from Women of African Ancestry and Associated with Poor Outcomes in Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- Polyphenolic Boronates Inhibit Tumor Cell Proliferation: Potential Mitigators of Oxidants in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancers · 2023Article
- Survival Disparities in US Black Compared to White Women with Hormone Receptor Positive-HER2 Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more common in African American (AA) than Non-AA (NAA) population. We hypothesize that tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to this disparity. Here, we use multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence to characterize the expression of immunologic biomarkers in the TME in both populations. PATIENTS AND
methodsTNBC tumor resection specimen tissues from a 100-patient case: control cohort including 49 AA and 51 NAA were collected. TME markers including CD45, CD14, CD68, CD206, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD3, Ki67, GzB, Thy1, FAP, aSMA, CD34, Col4, VWF and PD-L1 we quantitatively assessed in every field of view. Mean expression levels were compared between cases and controls.
resultsAlthough no significant differences were detected in individual lymphoid and myeloid markers, we found that infiltration with CD45
conclusionsWhile the TME in TNBC is rich in immune cells in both racial groups, there is a numerical increase in lymphoid infiltration in AA compared to NAA TNBC. Significantly, higher activated T cells seen in AA patients raises the possibility that there may be a subset of AA patients with improved response to immunotherapy.
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