Observational studyEuropean heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care2022
Clinical Frailty Scale classes are independently associated with 6-month mortality for patients after acute myocardial infarction.
Observational study in European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06283940 (Effect of Physiotherapist-led Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Older Patients With Aortic Stenosis Who Have Undergone TAVI?), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Physiotherapist-led Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Older Patients With Aortic Stenosis Who Have Undergone TAVI?
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association Between the Clinical Frailty Scale and Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Adults in Acute Clinical Settings - A Systematic Review of the Literature.Clinical interventions in aging · 2023Pooled it
- Frailty scale with the best prediction of mortality in individuals diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- Article
- Frailty in acute coronary syndrome: From risk stratification to clinical decision-making.World journal of cardiology · 2026Review
- Association between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Myocardial Infarction.Cardiorenal medicine · 2026Article
- The effects of invasive treatment on patients with frailty and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: Addressing Unmet Healthcare Needs in Older Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- STEMI-OP in-hospital mortality prediction algorithms: Frailty-integrated machine learning in older patients undergoing primary PCI.npj aging · 2025Article
- Article
- Determining the effect of frailty on survival in advanced ovarian cancer: study protocol for a prospective multicentre national cohort study (FOLERO).Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2025Article
- Frailty prevalence, invasive treatment frequency, and in-hospital outcome in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome in Germany (2005-2022): a nationwide registry study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Frailty as an independent predictor for midterm adverse outcomes in the elderly undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A longitudinal cohort study.Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions · 2025Observational
- Comparison of frailty instruments for predicting mortality and prolon ged hospitalization in acute coronary syndrome patients.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Association of Myocardial Infarction History and Geriatric Syndromes in the Elderly: Data from the Cross-Sectional Study EVKALIPT.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical Frailty Scale score is a predictor of short-, mid- and long-term mortality in critically ill older adults (≥ 70 years) admitted to the emergency department: an observational study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Observational
- The electronic frailty index and outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction.Age and ageing · 2024Article
- A Delicate Matter: The Burden of Frailty on AMI-CS.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Frailty and In-Hospital Outcomes for Management of Cardiogenic Shock without Acute Myocardial Infarction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Opportunistic CT-derived analysis of fat and muscle tissue composition predicts mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cross-cultural adaption and inter-rater reliability of the Swedish version of the updated clinical frailty scale 2.0.BMC geriatrics · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 13 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsData on the prognostic value of frailty to guide clinical decision-making for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce. To analyse the association between frailty classification, treatment patterns, in-hospital outcomes, and 6-month mortality in a large population of patients with MI. METHODS AND
resultsAn observational, multicentre study with a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data using the SWEDEHEART registry. In total, 3381 MI patients with a level of frailty assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS-9) were included. Of these patients, 2509 (74.2%) were classified as non-vulnerable non-frail (CFS 1-3), 446 (13.2%) were vulnerable non-frail (CFS 4), and 426 (12.6%) were frail (CFS 5-9). Frailty and non-frail vulnerability were associated with worse in-hospital outcomes compared with non-frailty, i.e. higher rates of mortality (13.4% vs. 4.0% vs. 1.8%), cardiogenic shock (4.7% vs. 2.5% vs. 1.9%), and major bleeding (4.5% vs. 2.7% vs. 1.1%) (all P < 0.001), and less frequent use of evidence-based therapies. In Cox regression analyses, frailty was strongly and independently associated with 6-month mortality compared with non-frailty, after adjustment for age, sex, the GRACE risk score components, and other potential risk factors [hazard ratio (HR) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.30-4.79]. A similar pattern was seen for vulnerable non-frail patients (fully adjusted HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.41-3.02).
conclusionFrailty assessed with the CFS was independently and strongly associated with all-cause 6-month mortality, also after comprehensive adjustment for baseline differences in other risk factors. Similarly, non-frail vulnerability was independently associated with higher mortality compared with those with preserved functional ability.
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