Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34904237›Full record

ArticleChild development2022

Daily fluctuations in young children's persistence.

Julia A Leonard, David M Lydon-Staley, Sophie D S Sharp, Hunter Z Liu, Anne T Park, Danielle S Bassett, Angela L Duckworth, Allyson P Mackey

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Child development, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Signatures of reinforcement learning in natural behavior.Current directions in psychological science · 2025
    Article
  4. The unintended negative consequences of help in childhood.Current directions in psychological science · 2025
    Article
  5. Social context and daily fluctuations in adolescents' mindset: the role of parental beliefs, appraisal of increasing marks, and feedback.European journal of psychology of education = Journal europeen de psychologie de l'education · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Julia A LeonardDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8099-2721
David M Lydon-StaleyAnnenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Sophie D S SharpDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hunter Z LiuDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Anne T ParkDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Danielle S BassettDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Angela L DuckworthDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Allyson P MackeyDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Funding

Person-specific dynamic networks of nicotine withdrawal: implications for smoking cessationK01DA047417 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LYDON, DAVID MARTIN · 2019 to 2023
$763k
A feasibility study of novel technologies to minimize motion-induced biases in functional and structural MRI of young, opioid-affected cohortsR34DA050297 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MACKEY, ALLYSON PATRICIA, TISDALL, MATTHEW DYLAN · 2019 to 2019
$547k
Jacobs FoundationNIDA NIH HHS K01 DA047417NIDA NIH HHS R34 DA050297University of Pennsylvania
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Children's behavior changes from day to day, but the factors that contribute to its variability are understudied. We developed a novel repeated measures paradigm to study children's persistence by capitalizing on a task that children complete every day: toothbrushing (N = 81; 48% female; 36-47 months; 80% white, 14% Multiracial, 10% Hispanic, 2% Asian, 1% Black; 1195 observations collected between January 2019 and March 2020). Children brushed longer on days when their parents used more praise (d = .23) and less instruction (d = -.22). Sensitivity to mood, sleep, and parent stress varied across children, suggesting that identifying the factors that shape an individual child's persistence could lead to personalized interventions.

Indexed as

ParentsSleepAffectAsian PeopleChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID34904237
PMCPMC8930564

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.