Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34904011›Full record

ArticleIranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR2021

Improved Ocular Bioavailability of Moxifloxacin HCl using PLGA Nanoparticles: Fabrication, Characterization,

Fahim Ullah Khan, Fazli Nasir, Zafar Iqbal, Steven Neau, Ismail Khan, Mohammad Hassan, Muhammad Iqbal, Aman Ullah, Sumaira Irum Khan, Mirina Sakhi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Recent advances and future challenges in nanosystems for ocular drug delivery.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Optimized PLGA encapsulated SA-2 nanosuspension exhibits sustained intraocular pressure reduction in the mouse microbead occlusion model of ocular hypertension.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Fahim Ullah KhanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan.
Fazli NasirDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan.
Zafar IqbalDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan.
Steven NeauDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, Philadelphia-PA 19104, USA.
Ismail KhanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi- 23561, Pakistan.
Mohammad HassanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan.
Muhammad IqbalDepartment of Statistics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan.
Aman UllahDepartment of Pharmacy, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar- 25000, Pakistan.
Sumaira Irum KhanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan.
Mirina SakhiDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi- 23561, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Improving the bioavailability of a drug at the ocular surface presents a profound challenge. Due to ocular physiological barriers, conventional eye drops exhibit poor bioavailability of drugs. Sustained-release nanoparticles may improve the residence time and hence increase absorption of the drug from the corneal surface. The current study focuses on the development of a nanoparticle-based system for the ophthalmic sustained delivery of moxifloxacin, to enhance ocular retention and bioavailability of the drug. PLGA was used as the matrix-forming polymer in the nanoparticle formulation. Nanoparticles were manufactured using a double emulsion (w/o/w) solvent evaporation technique. The formulation was optimized based on physicochemical properties, including size, polydispersity index, and stability. Nanoparticles were also evaluated for

Indexed as

IrritationMoxifloxacin hydrochlorideOcular bioavailabilityPharmacokineticsPolymeric nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID34904011
PMCPMC8653660

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.