ArticleScientific reports2021
Estimating and predicting snakebite risk in the Terai region of Nepal through a high-resolution geospatial and One Health approach.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of variables associated with snakebite risk in spatial and temporal analyses.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Pooled it
- Economic methods and spatial scales in One Health: Results from a scoping review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Future of snakebite risk in India: Consequence of climate change and the shifting habitats of the big four species in next five decades.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Consequences of geographical accessibility to post-exposure treatment for rabies and snakebite in Africa: a mini review.Frontiers in health services · 2024Review
- Conducting epidemiological studies on snakebite in nomadic populations: A methodological paper.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Review
- Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- How and why snakebite became a global health priority: a policy analysis.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Identifying high snakebite risk area under climate change for community education and antivenom distribution.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Vulnerability to snakebite envenoming and access to healthcare in the Terai region of Nepal: a geospatial analysis.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most efforts to understand snakebite burden in Nepal have been localized to relatively small areas and focused on humans through epidemiological studies. We present the outcomes of a geospatial analysis of the factors influencing snakebite risk in humans and animals, based on both a national-scale multi-cluster random survey and, environmental, climatic, and socio-economic gridded data for the Terai region of Nepal. The resulting Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation models highlight the importance of poverty as a fundamental risk-increasing factor, augmenting the snakebite odds in humans by 63.9 times. For animals, the minimum temperature of the coldest month was the most influential covariate, increasing the snakebite odds 23.4 times. Several risk hotspots were identified along the Terai, helping to visualize at multiple administrative levels the estimated population numbers exposed to different probability risk thresholds in 1 year. These analyses and findings could be replicable in other countries and for other diseases.
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