Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34903739›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Genomic analyses provide insights into spinach domestication and the genetic basis of agronomic traits.

Xiaofeng Cai, Xuepeng Sun, Chenxi Xu, Honghe Sun, Xiaoli Wang, Chenhui Ge, Zhonghua Zhang, Quanxi Wang, Zhangjun Fei, Chen Jiao and 1 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 52 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  10. Pan-NLRome ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026
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  15. Integration of crop modeling and sensing into molecular breeding for nutritional quality and stress tolerance.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Unlocking saponin biosynthesis in soapwort.Nature chemical biology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiaofeng Cai *Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 200234, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-0399
Xuepeng Sun *Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Chenxi Xu *Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 200234, Shanghai, China.
Honghe SunBoyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2468-6823
Xiaoli WangShanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 200234, Shanghai, China.
Chenhui GeShanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 200234, Shanghai, China.
Zhonghua ZhangEngineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China.
Quanxi WangCollege of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, 150025, Harbin, China. wangqx@shnu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0317-6613
Zhangjun FeiBoyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. zf25@cornell.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-1450
Chen Jiao *Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. biochenjiao@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-0547
Quanhua WangShanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 200234, Shanghai, China. wangquanhua@shnu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-9928

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spinach is a nutritious leafy vegetable belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae. Here we report a high-quality chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of spinach and genome resequencing of 305 cultivated and wild spinach accessions. Reconstruction of ancestral Chenopodiaceae karyotype indicates substantial genome rearrangements in spinach after its divergence from ancestral Chenopodiaceae, coinciding with high repeat content in the spinach genome. Population genomic analyses provide insights into spinach genetic diversity and population differentiation. Genome-wide association studies of 20 agronomical traits identify numerous significantly associated regions and candidate genes for these traits. Domestication sweeps in the spinach genome are identified, some of which are associated with important traits (e.g., leaf phenotype, bolting and flowering), demonstrating the role of artificial selection in shaping spinach phenotypic evolution. This study provides not only insights into the spinach evolution and domestication but also valuable resources for facilitating spinach breeding.

Indexed as

DomesticationChenopodiaceaeChromosomes, PlantGenetic VariationGenome, PlantGenomicsKaryotypePhenotypePhylogenyPlant BreedingSpinacia oleraceaVegetables

Identifiers

PMID34903739
PMCPMC8668906

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.