Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34903734›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Clonal architecture predicts clinical outcomes and drug sensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia.

Brooks A Benard, Logan B Leak, Armon Azizi, Daniel Thomas, Andrew J Gentles, Ravindra Majeti

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. DOGMA-seq and multimodal, single-cell analysis in acute myeloid leukemia.International review of cell and molecular biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Brooks A BenardDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7154-744X
Logan B LeakCancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7000-9612
Armon AziziDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Daniel ThomasDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0837-1231
Andrew J GentlesDepartment of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics/Quantitative Sciences unit), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0941-9858
Ravindra MajetiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. rmajeti@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5814-0984
Stanford University · USThe University of Adelaide · AU

Funding

Leveraging innovative technologies in basic and clinical cancer researchT32CA009302 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LAURA D ATTARDI, Aaron M Newman · 1985 to 2026
$19.1M
Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem CellsR01CA251331 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MAJETI, RAVINDRA · 2020 to 2024
$1.8M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA251331NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009302
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The impact of clonal heterogeneity on disease behavior or drug response in acute myeloid leukemia remains poorly understood. Using a cohort of 2,829 patients, we identify features of clonality associated with clinical features and drug sensitivities. High variant allele frequency for 7 mutations (including NRAS and TET2) associate with dismal prognosis; elevated GATA2 variant allele frequency correlates with better outcomes. Clinical features such as white blood cell count and blast percentage correlate with the subclonal abundance of mutations such as TP53 and IDH1. Furthermore, patients with cohesin mutations occurring before NPM1, or transcription factor mutations occurring before splicing factor mutations, show shorter survival. Surprisingly, a branched pattern of clonal evolution is associated with superior clinical outcomes. Finally, several mutations (including NRAS and IDH1) predict drug sensitivity based on their subclonal abundance. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of assessing clonal heterogeneity with implications for prognosis and actionable biomarkers for therapy.

Indexed as

Clonal EvolutionAntineoplastic AgentsBiomarkers, TumorDrug Resistance, NeoplasmFemaleGene FrequencyGenetic HeterogeneityGenotypeHumansLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteMaleModels, GeneticMutationPrognosisRisk FactorsAntineoplastic AgentsBiomarkers, Tumor

Identifiers

PMID34903734
PMCPMC8669028
OpenAlexW4200112790

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.