ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
The cyclic dinucleotide 2'3'-cGAMP induces a broad antibacterial and antiviral response in the sea anemone
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- An ancient evolutionary origin for IL-1 cytokines.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Review
- Evolutionary conservation analysis reveals a primordial function of STING as a regulator of lipid metabolism via FADS2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- An ancient anthozoan protein reveals an alternative evolutionary path of antiviral signalling.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- FADD is recruited to activated STING oligomers to initiate caspase-mediated NF-κB activation in Drosophila melanogaster.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Functional characterization of specialized immune cells in a cnidarian reveals an ancestral antiviral program.Nature communications · 2026Article
- NF-κB: A Diverse and Multifunctional Transcription Factor in Holozoans.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Review
- Article
- The cGAS-STING pathway in fibroblast microenvironment: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Characterization of RNA interference in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis reveals partial target silencing but lack of small RNA amplification.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Heat Stress Drives Rapid Viral and Antiviral Innate Immunity Activation in Hexacorallia.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Zinc-finger PARP proteins ADP-ribosylate alphaviral proteins and are required for interferon-γ-mediated antiviral immunity.Science advances · 2025Article
- Cell type-specific immune regulation under symbiosis in a facultatively symbiotic coral.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- cGAS/STING signalling pathway in senescence and oncogenesis.Seminars in cancer biology · 2024Review
- Conservation and similarity of bacterial and eukaryotic innate immunity.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Evolutionary immunology to explore original antiviral strategies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Updated single cell reference atlas for the starlet anemone Nematostella vectensis.Frontiers in zoology · 2024Article
- Investigating the Evolution of Drosophila STING-Dependent Antiviral Innate Immunity by Multispecies Comparison of 2'3'-cGAMP Responses.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- CBASS to cGAS-STING: The Origins and Mechanisms of Nucleotide Second Messenger Immune Signaling.Annual review of virology · 2023Review
- The virus-induced cyclic dinucleotide 2'3'-c-di-GMP mediates STING-dependent antiviral immunity in Drosophila.Immunity · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In mammals, cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) bind and activate STING to initiate an antiviral type I interferon response. CDNs and STING originated in bacteria and are present in most animals. By contrast, interferons are believed to have emerged in vertebrates; thus, the function of CDN signaling in invertebrates is unclear. Here, we use a CDN, 2'3' cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (2'3'-cGAMP), to activate immune responses in a model cnidarian invertebrate, the starlet sea anemone
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.