ArticleBMJ open2021
Differences in risk factors associated with single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition (stunting, wasting or underweight) among children under 5 in Bangladesh: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk Factors of Coexisting Form of Undernutrition Among Under-5 Children in Bangladesh: Evidence From BDHS 2022 Data in a Bayesian Setting.Child: care, health and development · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of Maternal Empowerment on Childhood Undernutrition in Bangladesh: Findings from Nationally Representative Surveys.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Influence of Maternal Lifestyle and Child Health Practices on the Health and Nutrition of Children Under Five Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Coexisting maternal and child undernutrition in Ethiopia: Spatial modeling and multilevel analysis of consecutive EDHS data.PloS one · 2026Article
- Concurrent child undernutrition indicators in Malawi: application of trivariate logistic regression.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Wealth-Based Inequalities in Child Undernutrition and the Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Child-Mother Dyads at the Same Household in Bangladesh: A Decomposition Approach Using Cross-Sectional Data.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Pediatric Health, Climate Perceptions, and School Absenteeism Across Three Regions of Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Effects of Maternal Use of the Continuum of Care on Complementary Feeding Practices in Bangladesh: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Trends and inequalities in stunting and underweight among children aged 0-59 months in Ghana, 1993-2022.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Coexisting predictors for undernutrition indices among under-five children in West Africa: application of a multilevel multivariate ordinal logistic regression model.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure in Children Under Five Years in Bangladesh: Insights From a National Survey.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic Patterning of Stunting and Overweight Among Iranian Children Aged 2-5 Years: A National Cross-Sectional Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Malnutrition among under-5 children and its determinants in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh: A community-based study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in the urban slums of Belagavi: a cross-sectional study among young children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Child undernutrition and its association with household environmental conditions in Bangladesh.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Understanding the socio-demographic and programmatic factors associated with adolescent motherhood and its association with child undernutrition in Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Determinants of low birth weight and its effect on childhood health and nutritional outcomes in Bangladesh.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe study aims to differentiate the risk factors of single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition among children under 5 in Bangladesh.
designA nationally representative cross-sectional study.
settingBangladesh. RESPONDENTS: Children age under 5 years of age. OUTCOME MEASURE: This study considered two dichotomous outcomes: single form (children without single form and with single form) and multiple concurrent forms (children without multiple forms and with multiple forms) of undernutrition. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Adjusted OR (AOR) and CI of potential risk factors were calculated using logistic regression analysis.
resultsAround 38.2% of children under 5 in Bangladesh are suffering from undernutrition. The prevalence of multiple concurrent forms and single form of child undernutrition was 19.3% and 18.9%, respectively. The key risk factors of multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition were children born with low birth weight (AOR 3.76, 95% CI 2.78 to 5.10); children in the age group 24-35 months (AOR 2.70, 95% CI 2.20 to 3.30) and in the lowest socioeconomic quintile (AOR 2.57, 95% CI 2.05 to 3.23). In contrast, those children in the age group 24-35 months (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.34), in the lowest socioeconomic quintile (AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.21) and born with low birth weight (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.08) were significantly associated with a single form of undernutrition. Parental education, father's occupation, children's age and birth order were the differentiating risk factors for multiple concurrent forms and single form of undernutrition.
conclusionOne-fifth of children under 5 years of age are suffering multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition, which is similar to the numbers suffering the single form. Parental education, father's occupation, children's age and birth order disproportionately affect the multiple concurrent forms and single form of undernutrition, which should be considered to formulate an evidence-based strategy for reducing undernutrition among these children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.