Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34903536›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of biliary atresia: a case-control study.

Jingying Jiang, Rou Wan, Shiwei He, Ying Wu, Zhen Shen, Gong Chen, Song Sun, Weili Yan, Shan Zheng

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Varied Characteristics of Recovered Patients with Biliary Atresia.The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2025
    Observational
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Analysis for trends in disease burden of congenital birth defects among children under 5 years old in China.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jingying JiangDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Rou WanDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Shiwei HeDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9552-4389
Ying WuDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Zhen ShenDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Gong ChenDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Song SunDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Weili YanDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China szheng@shmu.edu.cn yanwl@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-7633-7449
Shan ZhengDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China szheng@shmu.edu.cn yanwl@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-9712-4573
Children's Hospital of Fudan University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesBiliary atresia (BA) is regarded as a serious neonatal hepatobiliary disease, and its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Epidemiological studies are limited, especially for the data from China. This study aims to explore risk factors of BA and provide new evidence to improve understanding of its aetiology.

designThis is a case-control study from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016.

settingCases were consecutively recruited from an urban tertiary care academic children's hospital in Shanghai, China, while the controls were recruited from a community hospital in Shanghai through a random sampling system.

participants721 patients suspected for BA who planned to take the diagnostic surgery were enrolled preoperatively. 613 were diagnosed with BA and recruited into the case group. Meanwhile, 688 infants without any observed major congenital anomalies or jaundice were enrolled. Finally, 594 valid questionnaires from the case group and 681 from the control group were obtained. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardised questionnaires were used for data collection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations reported as ORs and precision, by adjusting covariates.

resultsAnxiety or stress during pregnancy was strongly associated with increased risk of BA (OR 8.36 (95% CI: 4.08 to 17.15); p<0.001), respectively. Lower birth weight, fathers from ethnic minorities of China, older age of fathers, lower income of parents, and exposure to infection, diseases and medication during pregnancy all made differences.

conclusionsSocial factors including the educational and economic background and its related anxiety and stress during pregnancy might be noticed in the occurrence of BA. Maternal infections during pregnancy in the prevalence of BA were demonstrated. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR-IPR-15005885.

Indexed as

Biliary AtresiaCase-Control StudiesChildChinaFemaleHumansInfantInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornPregnancyRisk Factorsepidemiologygastroenterologyhepatobiliary disease

Identifiers

PMID34903536
PMCPMC8671910
OpenAlexW4200099569

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.