ArticleInjury epidemiology2021
Handgun purchasing characteristics and firearm suicide risk: a nested case-control study.
Article in Injury epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Actionable Steps for Preventing Firearm Suicides among Adolescents and Young Adults.North Carolina medical journal · 2023Pooled it
- Association of veteran suicide risk with state-level firearm ownership rates and firearm laws in the USA.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Analysis of Handgun Transactions to Predict Firearm Suicide Risk.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFirearms are the most lethal method of suicide and account for approximately half of all suicide deaths nationwide. We describe associations between firearm purchasing characteristics and firearm suicide.
methodsData on all legal handgun transactions in California from 1996 to 2015 were obtained from the California Department of Justice Dealer's Record of Sale database. Handgun purchasers were linked to mortality data to identify those who died between 1996 and 2015. To account for variation in timing and duration of observation time, analyses were stratified by birth cohort. The primary analysis focused on those aged 21-25 in 1996. A secondary analysis tested associations among those aged 50-54 in 1996. Using incidence density sampling, purchasers who died by firearm suicide (cases) were each gender-matched to 5 purchasers (controls) who remained at risk at the case's time of death. We examined the characteristics of purchasers and transactions, focusing on the transaction closest in time to the case's death. Data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression.
resultsThere were 390 firearm suicides among the younger cohort and 512 firearm suicides among the older cohort. Across both cohorts, older age at first purchase and the purchase of a revolver were associated with greater risk of firearm suicide. For example, among the younger cohort, those who purchased a revolver versus semiautomatic pistol had 1.78 times the risk of firearm suicide (95% CI 1.32, 2.40) in multivariable models. Other associations varied across cohorts, suggesting cohort or age effects in purchasing patterns.
conclusionsFindings add to the evidence on firearm suicide risk and may help inform prevention strategies and future research.
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Registered trials
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