Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34903223›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2021

Regulation of medicines advertisement in Zimbabwe: an assessment of the impact of pharmaceutical promotion on the prescribing behaviour of healthcare professionals.

Tafadzwa Collins Semu, Bernard Ngara, Tinashe Mudzviti

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 43% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tafadzwa Collins SemuDepartment of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mazowe Street, Parirenyatwa Complex, P.O Box A178 Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. semutc@gmail.com.
Bernard NgaraDepartment of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mazowe Street, Parirenyatwa Complex, P.O Box A178 Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-5954
Tinashe MudzvitiDepartment of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mazowe Street, Parirenyatwa Complex, P.O Box A178 Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
University of Zimbabwe · ZW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe pharmaceutical industry plays a key role in drug discovery and is considered useful regards to informing the health care workers health care workers about new medicines. Investigations concerning health care workers to industry interactions are less common. The objective of this study is to determine levels of knowledge, attitude and perception towards regulation of pharmaceutical promotion among healthcare practitioners in Zimbabwe.

methodsA cross-sectional study was used and 330 healthcare practitioners were enrolled into the study. Data collection was done through combined face-to-face interviews and web-based online survey. The relative importance index score and used as a measure of knowledge, attitude and perception levels towards pharmaceutical promotion. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed using STATA software package.

resultsOur study estimated that 95%, 67%, and 90% of the healthcare practitioners in Zimbabwe have a favourable (i.e. > 65%) relative importance index score of knowledge, attitudes, and perception, respectively, towards regulation of pharmaceutical promotion. Further exploration of the data indicated that the factors that had an association with the knowledge, attitude and perception levels towards regulation of pharmaceutical regulation at 5% level of significance include health care workers' profession, gender, education level, the nature of the working institution and the number of prescriptions involved per week.

conclusionIn conclusion, the findings of this study highlighted that in general the health care workers in Zimbabwe have higher levels of knowledge, attitude and perception towards regulation of pharmaceutical promotion, though the attitudes levels weres a  bit lower compared to other domains.

Indexed as

AdvertisingPharmaceutical PreparationsAttitude of Health PersonnelCross-Sectional StudiesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth PersonnelHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesZimbabwePharmaceutical PreparationsAttitudesHealthcare workersKnowledgePerceptionPharmaceutical promotionRegulation

Identifiers

PMID34903223
PMCPMC8670253
OpenAlexW4225690814

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.