ArticleBMC public health2021
Ten years of China's new healthcare reform: a longitudinal study on changes in health resources.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Challenge of ending TB in China: tuberculosis control in primary healthcare sectors under integrated TB control model-a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
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- China's new quality productive forces in healthcare: spatial disparities, dynamic evolution, and convergence.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of pneumonia following surgery for geriatric osteoporotic fracture: A nationwide cross-sectional study of China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Impact mechanisms and spatial effects of new quality productive forces on healthcare resource allocation in China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Regional convergence and spatial dynamics of physician workforce distribution across regions in Türkiye (2008-2023).BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Assessing the appropriateness of outpatient physician and inpatient bed allocation: evidence from three cross-sectional surveys in Shanghai (2013-2023).BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Equity in health resource allocation in Guangdong Province, China, from 2013-2021: research based on the Dagum Gini coefficient and exploratory spatial data analysis.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- A comparative health economic evaluation of venetoclax in combination with obinutuzumab versus Chlorambucil in combination with obinutuzumab as first-line treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Regional Differences and Dynamic Evolution of High-Quality Medical Resources in China's Private Hospitals from 2017 to 2022.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of preventive medicine talent in Chinese medical vocational colleges based on the entropy weight method.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment of the Burden of Maternal Hypertensive Disorders and the Quality of Care in China: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Equity of total health expenditure in China, 2015-2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing regional disparities and trends in health resource allocation from sub-provincial cities in China.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Emotional Support, Emotional Exhaustion, Mental Health, and Turnover Intention Among China Nurses in Emergency Departments: A Cross-Sectional Survey.The journal of nursing research : JNR · 2025Article
- Balancing Costs and Clinical Outcomes: A Cost-Effectiveness Study of PICC Types Across Chinese Healthcare Settings.Journal of market access & health policy · 2025Article
- Spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of the coupling coordination between primary health care and socioeconomic development: a case study of Beijing, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Quantitative evaluation of China's new health insurance payment policy based on the policy modeling consistency (PMC) index model.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Characteristics and risk factors for medical malpractice among obstetric and gynecologic physicians in China.BMC health services research · 2025Observational
- The dynamic equilibrium between population aging and the allocation of elderly medical care resources in the Yellow River Basin.BMC public health · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChina launched a new round of healthcare-system reform in 2009 and proposed the goal of equal and guaranteed essential medical and health services for all by 2020. We aimed to investigate the changes in China's health resources over the past ten years after the healthcare reform.
methodsData were collected from the China Statistical Yearbook and China Health Statistics Yearbook from 2009 to 2018. Four categories and ten indicators of health resources were analyzed. A descriptive analysis was used to present the overall condition. The Health Resource Density Index was applied to showcase health-resource distribution in demographic and geographic dimensions. The global and local Moran's I were used to assess the spatial autocorrelation of health resources. Concentration Index (CI) was used to quantify the equity of health-resource distribution. A Geo-Detector model and Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR) were applied to assess the association between gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and health resources.
resultsHealth resources have increased over the past ten years. The global and local Moran's I suggested spatial aggregation in the distribution of health resources. Hospital beds were concentrated in wealthier areas, but this inequity decreased yearly (from CI=0.0587 in 2009 to CI=0.0021 in 2018). Primary medical and health institutions (PMHI) and their beds were concentrated in poorer areas (CI remained negative). Healthcare employees were concentrated in wealthier areas (CI remained positive). In 2017, the q-statistics indicated that the explanatory power of GDP per capita to beds, health personnel, and health expenditure was 40.7%, 50.3%, and 42.5%, respectively. The coefficients of GWR remained positive with statistical significance, indicating the positive association between GDP per capita and health resources.
conclusionsFrom 2009 to 2018, the total amount of health resources in China has increased substantially. Spatial aggregation existed in the health-resources distribution. Health resources tended to be concentrated in wealthier areas. When allocating health resources, the governments should take economic factors into account.
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