Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34903061›Full record

ArticlemBio2021

Evolutionary Processes Driving the Rise and Fall of

Jacqueline L Gill, Jessica Hedge, Daniel J Wilson, R Craig MacLean

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in mBio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Whole-genome sequencing ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
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  8. CharacterizingmSystems · 2025
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  11. Methicillin-sensitiveMicrobial genomics · 2025
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  12. Review
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  15. Article
  16. Methicillin-resistantJournal of medical microbiology · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jacqueline L GillDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxfordgrid.4991.5, Oxford, UK.
Jessica HedgeDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxfordgrid.4991.5, Oxford, UK.
Daniel J Wilson *Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxfordgrid.4991.5, Oxford, UK.
R Craig MacLean *Department of Zoology, University of Oxfordgrid.4991.5, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7941-813X
University of Oxford · GBOpen Data Institute · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/M011224/1Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 101237/Z/13/BWellcome Trust 106918/Z/15/ZWellcome Trust 203141/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Selection plays a key role in the spread of antibiotic resistance, but the evolutionary drivers of clinically important resistant strains remain poorly understood. Here, we use genomic analyses and competition experiments to study Staphylococcus aureus ST239, a prominent MRSA strain that is thought to have been formed by large-scale recombination between ST8 and ST30. Genomic analyses allowed us to refine the hybrid model for the origin of ST239 and to date the origin of ST239 to 1920 to 1945, which predates the clinical introduction of methicillin in 1959. Although purifying selection has dominated the evolution of ST239, parallel evolution has occurred in genes involved in antibiotic resistance and virulence, suggesting that ST239 has evolved toward an increasingly pathogenic lifestyle. Crucially, ST239 isolates have low competitive fitness relative to both ST8 and ST30 isolates, supporting the idea that fitness costs have driven the demise of this once-dominant pathogen strain.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularRecombination, GeneticAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsGenome, BacterialHumansPhylogenyStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcus aureusVirulenceAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsAntibiotic resistanceEvolutionFitnessFitness costGenomicshorizontal gene transferMRSAST239Staphylococcus aureus

Identifiers

PMID34903061
PMCPMC8669471
OpenAlexW4225344287

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.