ArticleEBioMedicine2021
CD4+CCR6+ T cells dominate the BCG-induced transcriptional signature.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- IFNγ blockade in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macaques alters the granuloma environment but not bacterial control.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immunodominant Tuberculosis Antigens Recognized by Human CD4Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2026Article
- Peptide-driven identification of TCRs reveals dynamics and phenotypes of CD4 T cells in tuberculosis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Cross-species blood transcriptional correlates of BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis include innate and adaptive immune processes.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Dynamic Alterations in DNA Methylation of CD4MedComm · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a decrease in the frequency of macrophage-RGS1Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Adolescent BCG revaccination induces a phenotypic shift in CD4Nature communications · 2024Article
- BCG vaccination stimulates integrated organ immunity by feedback of the adaptive immune response to imprint prolonged innate antiviral resistance.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- A recombinantHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- CD30 co-stimulation drives differentiation of protective T cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Antigen-specificity measurements are the key to understanding T cell responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Epigenetic rewiring of pathways related to odour perception in immune cells exposed to SARS-CoV-2Epigenetics · 2022Article
- T-cell deficiency and hyperinflammatory monocyte responses associate withFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe century-old Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). Despite this, there is still a lot to learn about the immune response induced by BCG, both in terms of phenotype and specificity.
methodsWe investigated immune responses in adult individuals pre and 8 months post BCG vaccination. We specifically determined changes in gene expression, cell subset composition, DNA methylome, and the TCR repertoire induced in PBMCs and CD4 memory T cells associated with antigen stimulation by either BCG or a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-derived peptide pool.
findingsFollowing BCG vaccination, we observed increased frequencies of CCR6+ CD4 T cells, which includes both Th1* (CXCR3+CCR6+) and Th17 subsets, and mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAITs). A large number of immune response genes and pathways were upregulated post BCG vaccination with similar patterns observed in both PBMCs and memory CD4 T cells, thus suggesting a substantial role for CD4 T cells in the cellular response to BCG. These upregulated genes and associated pathways were also reflected in the DNA methylome. We described both qualitative and quantitative changes in the BCG-specific TCR repertoire post vaccination, and importantly found evidence for similar TCR repertoires across different subjects.
interpretationThe immune signatures defined herein can be used to track and further characterize immune responses induced by BCG, and can serve as reference for benchmarking novel vaccination strategies.
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