Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34902212›Full record

ArticleAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2022

Indomethacin Polymorph δ Revealed To Be Two Plastically Bendable Crystal Forms by 3D Electron Diffraction: Correcting a 47-Year-Old Misunderstanding.

Molly Lightowler, Shuting Li, Xiao Ou, Xiaodong Zou, Ming Lu, Hongyi Xu

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
10.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Standards for MicroED.Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. An Updated Structure of Oxybutynin Hydrochloride.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. An Updated Structure of Oxybutynin Hydrochloride.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. High Temperature Electron Diffraction on Organic Crystals:Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Distinct Conformations of Mirabegron Determined by MicroED.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. MicroED in drug discovery.Current opinion in structural biology · 2023
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Molly LightowlerDepartment of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-9699-7794
Shuting LiSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Xiao OuSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Xiaodong ZouDepartment of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6748-6656
Ming LuSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2622-1528
Hongyi XuDepartment of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-8271-3906
Stockholm University · SESun Yat-sen University · CN

Funding

Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation 2020A1515010782Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse 2019.0124Science for Life Laboratory MicroED@SciLifeLabVetenskapsrådet 2017-05333Vetenskapsrådet 2019-00815
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Indomethacin is a clinically classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has been marketed since 1965. The third polymorph, Form δ, was discovered by both melt and solution crystallization in 1974. δ-indomethacin cannot be cultivated as large single crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography and, therefore, its crystal structure has not yet been determined. Here, we report the structure elucidation of δ-indomethacin by 3D electron diffraction and reveal the truth that melt-crystallized and solution-crystallized δ-indomethacin are in fact two polymorphs with different crystal structures. We propose to keep the solution-crystallized polymorph as Form δ and name the melt-crystallized polymorph as Form θ. Intriguingly, both structures display plastic flexibility based on a slippage mechanism, making indomethacin the first drug to have two plastic polymorphs. This discovery and correction of a 47-year-old misunderstanding signify that 3D electron diffraction has become a powerful tool for polymorphic structural studies.

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalCrystallography, X-RayIndomethacinModels, MolecularMolecular StructureAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalIndomethacinElectron DiffractionIndomethacinMelt CrystallizationPlasticityPolymorphismStructure Elucidation

Identifiers

PMID34902212
PMCPMC9306882
OpenAlexW4200249122

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.